Reinforcement of Rubber: Visualization of Nanofiller and the Reinforcing Mechanism
Reinforcement of Rubber: Visualization of Nanofiller and the Reinforcing Mechanism
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橡胶的补强：纳米填料的可视化和补强机制
DOI：
10.1007/978-981-15-3789-9
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Y. Ikeda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Kohjiya;A. Kato;Y. Ikeda
这本书是橡胶增强的最新帐户，特别强调橡胶基质中的纳米填料聚集。毋庸置疑，橡胶补强与硫化一起被橡胶化学家和工程师认为是最重要的研究和开发课题之一。一方面，硫化是橡胶不可或缺的先决条件，以便使其作为稳定的弹性材料使用。1839年由C.固特异的妻子克拉丽莎在厨房里使用的加热器旁边偶然放了一种含有硫磺和白色铅的橡胶化合物。这则轶事表明，厨房是他的实验室，他不是一个专业的技术人员，而是一个贫穷的后街发明家。另一方面，英国的SC Mote在1904年报道了通过炭黑增强橡胶，不是作为发明，而是作为与纤维帘线组合的橡胶配混工艺的实践，以制造汽车轮胎作为最终产品。1910年，俄亥俄州阿克伦的钻石橡胶公司获得了该工艺的许可证，随后美国的BF古德里奇收购了该业务。值得注意的是，第一辆面向普通人的量产乘用车，即福特T型车于1908年实现了商业化。随着汽车大规模生产的发展，炭黑在橡胶工业中的应用迅速增长，黑色很快成为轮胎的标准颜色。因此，由于通过填充炭黑来增强橡胶的技术至关重要，已经发表了太多的技术报告和技术诀窍，对橡胶的增强效果进行了清晰而连贯的解释。换句话说，过多的报道未能阐明确切的增强机理，这将用于设计橡胶化合物。因此，到目前为止，仅出版了一本名为“弹性体的增强”的书，该书于1965年重点介绍了橡胶增强。这本书是由G. Kraus，半个多世纪来一直是橡胶补强的权威。橡胶补强的可靠文献如此稀少，可能是由于补强机理极其复杂，我们已经假定。
This book is the most recent account on rubber reinforcement, highlighting nanofiller clustering in rubber matrix, in particular. It is needless to say that the rubber reinforcement has been recognized to be one of the most important research and developmental subjects among rubber chemists and engineers, together with vulcanization. On the one hand, the vulcanization is an indispensable precondition for rubber in order to make it serviceable as a stable elastic material. It was invented in 1839 by C. Goodyear when a rubber compound containing sulfur and white lead was by chance placed beside the heater which his wife, Clarissa, was using in the kitchen. This anecdote suggests that the kitchen was his laboratory, and he was not a professional technician but a poor backstreet inventor. On the other hand, reinforcement of rubber by carbon black was reported by SC Mote in 1904 in the UK not as an invention but as a practice in rubber compounding process in combination with fiber cord, in order to manufacture automobile tires as a final product. In 1910, the Diamond Rubber Co. in Akron, Ohio, took out a license of this process, followed by the acquisition of the business by BF Goodrich in the USA. It is noticeable that the first mass-produced passenger car for ordinary people, ie, Ford model T was commercialized in 1908. In accordance with the development of mass production of automobiles, the utilization of carbon black grew rapidly in the rubber industry, and black color soon became standard for tires.Thus, due to the utmost technical importance of rubber reinforcement by loading carbon black, there have been published many, too many, technical reports and know-how to give a lucid and coherent explanation of reinforcing effect on rubber. In other words, the excessively abundant reports have failed to elucidate the exact reinforcing mechanism, which is to be of use in designing rubber compounds. Consequently, only one book entitled ‘Reinforcement of Elastomers’ has been published so far focusing upon rubber reinforcement, in 1965. The book was edited by G. Kraus, and it has remained to be authoritative on rubber reinforcement for more than half a century. This surprising scanty of the dependable literatures of rubber reinforcement may be due to the extreme complexity of reinforcing mechanism, we have assumed.