Elevation of pain threshold to tooth shock by brain stimulation in primates
Elevation of pain threshold to tooth shock by brain stimulation in primates
复制标题
通过脑刺激灵长类动物提高牙齿震动的疼痛阈值
DOI：
10.1016/0006-8993(80)91320-7
复制
发表时间：
1980
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
S. J. Goodman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Oleson;D. Kirkpatrick;S. J. Goodman
以前在灵长类动物中已经证实了电刺激大脑(ESB)对疼痛的调制，但许多产生刺激产生镇痛(SPA)的部位也引起了令人厌恶的副作用。为了检验脑刺激的厌恶和止痛效果，9只恒河猴(Macaca Mulatta)首先被训练按下杠杆以逃避或滴定有害的牙齿休克。在4只猴的额叶皮质下放置刺激电极，并将刺激电极植入其余5只猴的间脑、脑干和小脑，间脑刺激部位在ESB强度下引起牙齿休克阈值显著升高，未引起厌恶行为。镇痛作用持续至ESB阻断后2小时。眼眶皮质刺激也可观察到牙齿休克阈值的中度升高。然而，中脑中央灰质和中缝大核对牙齿休克水平的影响不大，通常会引起厌恶反应。引起SPA的间脑部位也会导致自我刺激行为，而刺激脑干或小脑通常会导致逃避反应。因此，这些发现表明，在灵长类动物中，电激活内侧间脑可以比脑干刺激更有效地缓解疼痛。
Electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB) for modulation of pain has been previously demonstrated in primates, but many of the sites which yield stimulation-produced analgesia (SPA) also elicit aversive side effects. In order to examine the aversive as well as analgesic effects of brain stimulation, nine rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were first trained to press a lever to escape or titrate noxious tooth shock. Stimulating electrodes were placed under the frontal cortex in 4 monkeys and were implanted in the diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum of five remaining monkeys.Diencephalic stimulation sites resulted in marked elevations of tooth shock threshold at ESB intensities which did not elicit aversive behaviors. The analgesic effects lasted up to 2 h past ESB offset. Moderate elevations of tooth shock threshold were also observed with orbital cortex stimulation. The midbrain central gray and the nucleus raphe magnus, however, did not greatly alter tooth shock level and typically resulted in aversive reactions.The diencephalic sites which elicited SPA also led to self-stimulation behavior, whereas stimulation of the brain stem or cerebellum usually resulted in escape responses. These findings thus indicate that, in primates, more effective relief of pain can be achieved with electrical activation of the medial diencephalon than with brain stem stimulation.