Changes in Larval Oyster Swimming Behavior with Salinity and Larval Age
Changes in Larval Oyster Swimming Behavior with Salinity and Larval Age
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幼体牡蛎游泳行为随盐度和幼体年龄的变化
DOI：
10.1086/725418
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Munroe, Daphne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Manuel, Emily C.;Caracappa, Joseph;Munroe, Daphne
东方牡蛎（Crassostrea virginica）是固着的，依靠幼虫阶段在河口分散。牡蛎幼虫的游动行为可以改变种群的扩散轨迹和连接模式。本试验研究了（1）新环境的适应时间和（2）幼虫游泳行为随盐度和幼虫年龄的变化。驯化时间的变化，盐度是最长的低盐度（6 ppt），并随着年龄的增长而下降。为了测试盐度的行为变化，将幼虫放入四个盐度（6，10，16和22 ppt），记录游泳。为了测试行为随年龄的变化，记录了6、12和15天龄的幼虫。在这两个实验中，游泳路径被绘制成二维图，每条路径的行为被分类，并计算速度、方向和加速度。向上、中性和向下游泳行为的频率在不同盐度处理下没有差异，但确实随年龄而变化，而行为类型的频率则随盐度和个体发育而变化。作为一个例子，潜水更频繁地观察到在低盐度，和更多的向下螺旋观察到在中等盐度，而年轻的幼虫向上游的频率比老幼虫。令人惊讶的是，在所有年龄段的所有幼虫中，有10%-15%观察到潜水。鉴于幼虫行为对海洋无脊椎动物扩散的影响，在幼虫年龄和对环境变化的反应中游泳的变化对海洋种群的稳定性和结构有重要影响。
Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) are sessile, relying on a larval phase to disperse in estuaries. Oyster larval swimming behavior can alter dispersal trajectories and patterns of population connectivity. Experiments were conducted to test how both (1) acclimation time to new environmental conditions and (2) larval swimming behavior change with salinity and larval age. Acclimation time to changes in salinity was longest in lower salinity (6 ppt) and decreased with age. To test changes in behavior with salinity, larvae were placed into four salinities (6, 10, 16, and 22 ppt) where swimming was recorded. To test changes in behavior with age, larvae aged 6, 12, and 15 days were recorded. In both experiments, swimming paths were mapped in two dimensions, behavior of each path was categorized, and speed, direction, and acceleration were calculated. The frequency of upward, neutral, and downward swimming behaviors did not differ across salinity treatments but did vary with age, whereas the frequency of behavior types varied with both salinity and ontogeny. As an example, diving was observed more frequently in low salinity, and more downward helices were observed in moderate salinity, while younger larvae swam upward with more frequency than older larvae. Surprisingly, diving was observed in 10%–15% of all larvae across all ages. Given the consequence of larval behavior to marine invertebrate dispersal, changes in swimming over larval age and in response to environmental changes have important implications to marine population stability and structure.
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