THE MAN OF REASON
THE MAN OF REASON
复制标题
讲道理的人
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9973.1979.tb00062.x
复制
发表时间：
1979
期刊：
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
G. Lloyd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Lloyd
理性在某种程度上与男子气概联系在一起的想法，可以追溯到我们所知的理性的希腊创始人。亚里士多德认为，女人“就像是一个无能的男人，因为女人是通过某种无能而成为女人的”。1这种天生的女性丧失能力是“灵魂原则”的缺失，2因此与理性方面的丧失能力有关。当然，这并不是说女性没有理性，而是她们以一种更低级、更模糊的方式拥有理性。他们有理性；他们是通过理性从动物中分离出来的。然而，她们并不等同于男人。他们在某种程度上是次要的人，在最重要的东西：理性方面相对次要。后来，奥古斯丁在《忏悔录》中展示了类似的关系，将男性理性的特权完全扩展到女性：最后，我们看到按照你的形象和肖像创造的人统治着所有非理性的动物，正是因为他是按照你的形象创造的，与你相似，那是因为他具有理性和理解力的力量。正如在人的灵魂中有两种力量：一种是支配的力量，因为它深思熟虑；另一种是服从的力量，因为它服从这样的指导，同样在物理意义上，女人是为男人而生的。在她的头脑和她的理性智力中，她具有与男人同等的本性，但在性爱中，她在身体上像我们的自然冲动一样受制于他，需要受到头脑的推理能力的影响，以便它们所导致的行动可以受到良好行为原则的启发。3.
The idea that the rational is somehow specially associated with masculinity goes back to the Greek founding fathers of ration ality as we know it. Aristotle thought that woman was" as it were an impotent male, for it is through a certain incapacity that the female is female". 1 This intrinsic female incapacity was a lack in the" principle of soul" 2 and hence associated with an incapacity in respect of rationality. The claim is not of course that women do not have rationality, but they have it in an inferior, fainter way. They have rationality; they are distin guished from the animals by being rational. Yet they are not equal to men. They are somehow lesser men, lesser in respect of the all important thing: rationality. Later Augustine in The Confessions displays a similar reluc tance to fully extend the privilege of male rationality to women:And finally we see man, made in your image and likeness, ruling over all the irrational animals for the very reason that he was made in your image and resembles you, that is because he has the power of reason and understanding. And just as in man's soul there are two forces; one which is dominant because it deliberates and one which obeys because it is subject to such guidance, in the same way in the physical sense, woman has been made for man. In her mind and her rational intelligence she has a nature the equal of man's, but in sex she is physically subject to him in the same way as our natural impulses need to be subjected to the reasoning power of the mind, in order that the actions to which they lead may be inspired by the principles of good conduct. 3