Structure of competitive transit networks
Structure of competitive transit networks
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DOI：
10.1016/j.trb.2009.11.001
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Daganzo, Carlos F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daganzo, Carlos F.
本文描述了网络的形状和运行特征，使交通系统能够提供与汽车竞争的可达性水平。为了对不同规模和人口结构的服务区域提供详尽的结果，本文将这些区域理想化为具有统一需求的正方形，并将其可能的网络作为一个结合网格和轮辐概念的广泛而现实的家庭。本文还展示了如何利用这些结果为实际城市制定交通系统总体规划。分析揭示了哪种网络结构和技术（总线、快速公交或地铁）能以最低的成本提供所需的性能。研究发现，系统的基础设施越昂贵，它就越应该向轮辐式概念倾斜。除非城市规模大且需求低，否则快速公交（BRT）可以有效地与汽车竞争。这种情况发生在统一需求假设的情况下，这种假设不利于集体运输。研究还发现，如果一个城市有足够多适合运行公交和BRT系统的街道，即使城市很大，需求很高，这些系统的表现也会优于地铁。与用户成本相比，代理成本总是很小的；两者都随需求密度而下降。在所有情况下，增加站点的空间集中度超过临界水平会增加用户和代理成本。太多的空间覆盖会适得其反。2009爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
This paper describes the network shapes and operating characteristics that allow a transit system to deliver an accessibility level competitive with that of the automobile. To provide exhaustive results for service regions of different sizes and demographics, the paper idealizes these regions as squares with uniform demand, and their possible networks as a broad and realistic family that combines the grid and the hub-and-spoke concepts. The paper also shows how to use these results to generate master plans of transit systems for real cities.The analysis reveals which network structure and technology (Bus, Bus Rapid Transit, or Metro) delivers the desired performance with the least cost. It is found that the more expensive the system's infrastructure, the more it should tilt toward the hub-and-spoke concept. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) competes effectively with the automobile unless a city is big and its demand low. This happens despite the uniform demand assumption, which penalizes collective transport. It is also found that if a city has enough suitable streets on which to run Bus and BRT systems, these outperform Metro even if the city is large and the demand high. Agency costs are always small compared with user costs; and both decline with the demand density. In all cases, increasing the spatial concentration of stops beyond a critical level increases both, the user and agency costs. Too much spatial coverage is counterproductive. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.