Retrotransposons in the Mammalian Male Germline
Retrotransposons in the Mammalian Male Germline
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DOI：
10.1159/000520683
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发表时间：
2022-03
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Shumin Zhou;A. Sakashita;Shuiqiao Yuan;S. Namekawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shumin Zhou;A. Sakashita;Shuiqiao Yuan;S. Namekawa
反转录转座子是构成哺乳动物基因组的大部分的DNA序列的子集。它们可以自主或非自主地易位，潜在地危害可遗传的种系基因组。逆转录转座子与宿主基因组共同进化，生殖系是逆转录转座子与宿主基因组之间最大化相互适应的突出战场。宿主基因组已经发展了各种机制来抑制和控制反转录转座子，包括DNA甲基化，组蛋白修饰和Piwi相互作用RNA（皮尔纳），以获得自身的利益。因此，快速进化的逆转录转座子通常获得积极的功能，包括生殖系内的基因调控，在进化过程中赋予物种生殖适应性。雄性生殖系是研究反转录转座子调控和进化的理想模型，导致与宿主基因组的基因组协同进化。在这篇综述中，我们总结并讨论了调节机制的逆转录转座子，分阶段，在男性生殖细胞发育过程中，特别侧重于小鼠作为一个广泛研究的哺乳动物模型，突出的抑制机制和新兴功能的逆转录转座子在男性生殖细胞。
Retrotransposons are a subset of DNA sequences that constitute a large part of the mammalian genome. They can translocate autonomously or non-autonomously, potentially jeopardizing the heritable germline genome. Retrotransposons coevolved with the host genome, and the germline is the prominent battlefield between retrotransposons and the host genome to maximize their mutual fitness. Host genomes have developed various mechanisms to suppress and control retrotransposons, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), for their own benefit. Thus, rapidly evolved retrotransposons often acquire positive functions, including gene regulation within the germline, conferring reproductive fitness in a species over the course of evolution. The male germline serves as an ideal model to examine the regulation and evolution of retrotransposons, resulting in genomic co-evolution with the host genome. In this review, we summarize and discuss the regulatory mechanisms of retrotransposons, stage-by-stage, during male germ cell development, with a particular focus on mice as an extensively studied mammalian model, highlighting suppression mechanisms and emerging functions of retrotransposons in the male germline.