Preschoolers' current desires warp their choices for the future
Preschoolers' current desires warp their choices for the future
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01748.x
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发表时间：
2006-07-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Meltzoff, Andrew N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Atance, Cristina M.;Meltzoff, Andrew N.
我们引入了一种新的范式来评估儿童对未来的选择如何受到他们当前愿望的影响。 48 名 3 岁、4 岁和 5 岁的孩子被分配到四种情况之一。在其中两种情况（干预）中，我们通过让孩子们吃椒盐卷饼来控制他们当前的口渴状态。在剩下的两个条件（基线）中，我们没有给他们椒盐卷饼。然后孩子们被要求在水和椒盐卷饼之间做出选择。在一种干预和一种基线条件下，他们选择“现在”想要什么，而在另一种干预和基线条件下，他们选择“明天”想要什么。结果显示，尽管儿童在基线条件下对椒盐卷饼有着压倒性的渴望，但两种干预条件下的儿童都选择了水。这些数据支持这样的观点：儿童当前的状态不仅影响他们当前的选择，而且影响他们对未来的选择。我们从认知发展理论和成人社会认知理论的角度讨论这一发现。
We introduce a new paradigm to assess how children's choices for the future are influenced by their current desires. Forty-eight 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds were assigned to one of four conditions. In two of these conditions (intervention), we manipulated children's current state of thirst by allowing them to eat pretzels. In the remaining two conditions (baseline), we did not give them pretzels. The children were then asked to choose between water and pretzels. In one intervention and one baseline condition, they chose what they would like "now," whereas in the other intervention and baseline conditions, they chose what they would like "tomorrow." Results revealed that, despite children's overwhelming desire for pretzels in the baseline conditions, children in both intervention conditions chose water. The data support the notion that children's current state influences not only their choices for the present, but also their choices for the future. We discuss this finding in terms of both cognitive-developmental and adult social-cognitive theory.