And the best stressed is…? A mechanistic analysis of sex differences in stress-potentiated cocaine-seeking behavior.
And the best stressed is…? A mechanistic analysis of sex differences in stress-potentiated cocaine-seeking behavior.
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而最大的压力是……？
DOI：
10.1038/s41386-020-0710-3
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fuchs,RitaA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McLaughlin,RyanJ;Fuchs,RitaA
可卡因使用障碍的流行率在过去10年中有所增加。在美国，可卡因目前是仅次于类阿片的第二大过量死亡原因，药物复吸仍然是治疗可卡因依赖的最大障碍。可卡因使用者的自我报告表明，女性过渡到可卡因依赖的速度更快，并报告更强烈的渴望可卡因相关的线索比男性，然而，实验研究表明，这些性别差异的可卡因渴望和复发是稀缺的。来自临床前动物研究的证据表明，女性可能更容易对可卡因产生渴望和复发，部分原因是卵巢激素的影响（参见[1]进行审查）。不幸的是，目前没有FDA批准的药物用于男性或女性可卡因使用障碍。压力是引发男性和女性可卡因使用者对药物渴望的重要因素，它与其他触发因素相互作用，例如药物相关的线索和少量药物，以增加复发倾向。动物研究提供了重要的见解，通过压力加强可卡因复吸的机制[2]，可操作为恢复药物寻求行为，但大多数这些研究没有考虑性别作为一个生物变量。因此，对应激增强可卡因复吸中性别和动情期差异的神经内分泌机制仍然知之甚少;尽管一些研究报告了性别或卵巢激素对应激诱导的可卡因寻求恢复的影响[3]和应激增强线索诱导的可卡因寻求恢复[4]。
The prevalence of cocaine use disorder has increased over the past 10 years. Cocaine is currently second only to opioids as the leading cause of overdose deaths in the United States, and drug relapse remains the foremost obstacle in the treatment of cocaine dependence. Self-reports in cocaine users suggest that women transition to cocaine dependence faster and report more intense craving in response to cocaine-associated cues than men; however, experimental studies demonstrating these gender differences in cocaine craving and relapse are scarce. Evidence from preclinical animal studies indicates that females may be more vulnerable to cocaine craving and relapse, in part due to the influence of ovarian hormones (see [1] for review). Unfortunately, there are currently no FDA-approved medications for cocaine use disorders in men or women.Stress is a significant factor eliciting drug craving in male and female cocaine users, and it interacts with other triggers, such as drug-associated cues and small amounts of the drug, to increase relapse propensity. Animal studies have offered critical insights into the mechanisms by which stress potentiates cocaine relapse [2], operationalized as reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior, but most of these studies did not consider sex as a biological variable. Thus, the neuroendocrine mechanisms for sex and estrous differences in stress-potentiated cocaine relapse have remained poorly understood; even though some studies report sex or ovarian hormone effects on stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking [3] and stress-potentiated cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking [4].