HUNTING INCOME PATTERNS AMONG THE HADZA - BIG GAME, COMMON GOODS, FORAGING GOALS AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE HUMAN DIET
HUNTING INCOME PATTERNS AMONG THE HADZA - BIG GAME, COMMON GOODS, FORAGING GOALS AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE HUMAN DIET
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1991.0113
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发表时间：
1991-11-29
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
JONES, NGB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HAWKES, K;OCONNELL, JF;JONES, NGB
假设大型哺乳动物狩猎和清除经济上有利的原始人觅食的审查中收集的数据之间的哈扎北方坦桑尼亚的光。哈扎猎人不理会小型猎物，而喜欢大型猎物（成年猎物的平均体重大于或等于40公斤）。在这里，我们报告的实验数据表明，猎人将减少他们的平均利率，如果他们包括在阵列中的小动物，他们的目标。尽管如此，大型动物狩猎回报的日变化很大，失败的风险也相应很大，明显高于小型狩猎和诱捕。分享大量的猎物减少了大型狩猎者无肉日的风险，并避免了储存大量肉类的问题。如果不能从经济上保护大的屠体不受其他消费者的需求的影响，这可能是不可避免的。如果是这样的话，那么大型猎物是共同的商品。一个猎人可能不会从他自己的大型猎物收购努力中获得任何消耗优势。我们使用Hadza的数据来模拟这种“集体行动”的问题，并发现，一个专门专注于大型游戏与广泛的共享是不是最佳的策略猎人关心最大限度地提高自己的吃肉的机会。必须考虑对这种做法的出现和持续的其他解释。
The assumption that large mammal hunting and scavenging are economically advantageous to hominid foragers is examined in the light of data collected among the Hadza of northern Tanzania. Hadza hunters disregard small prey in favour of larger forms (mean adult mass greater-than-or-equal-to 40 kg). Here we report experimental data showing that hunters would reduce their mean rates if they included small animals in the array they target. Still, daily variance in large animal hunting returns is high, and the risk of failure correspondingly great, significantly greater than that associated with small game hunting and trapping. Sharing large kills reduces the risk of meatless days for big game hunters, and obviates the problem of storing large amounts of meat. It may be unavoidable if large carcasses cannot be defended economically against the demands of other consumers. If so, then large prey are common goods. A hunter may gain no consumption advantage from his own big game acquisition efforts. We use Hadza data to model this 'collective action' problem, and find that an exclusive focus on large game with extensive sharing is not the optimal strategy for hunters concerned with maximizing their own chances of eating meat. Other explanations for the emergence and persistence of this practice must be considered.