A Presynaptic Perspective on Transport and Assembly Mechanisms for Synapse Formation
A Presynaptic Perspective on Transport and Assembly Mechanisms for Synapse Formation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.038
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发表时间：
2020-10
期刊：
影响因子：
16.2
通讯作者：
Filiz Sila Rizalar;Dorien A. Roosen;V. Haucke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Filiz Sila Rizalar;Dorien A. Roosen;V. Haucke
神经元是高度极化的细胞，具有单个轴突和源自细胞体的多个树突，形成紧密相关的突触前和突触后区室。由于生物合成机制很大程度上局限于体细胞树突结构域，绝大多数突触前成分在神经元胞体中合成，包装成突触前体囊泡，并沿着轴突主动运输到突触前生物发生位点。与理解突触传递和突触后信息处理方面取得的重大进展相比，人们对突触前区室的形成和动态重塑知之甚少。我们在此回顾了目前对突触前神经传递关键成分的生物发生、运输和组装机制的理解，讨论了突触前组装的改变如何影响神经系统功能或导致疾病，并概述了未来研究的关键开放问题。
Neurons are highly polarized cells with a single axon and multiple dendrites derived from the cell body to form tightly associated pre- and postsynaptic compartments. As the biosynthetic machinery is largely restricted to the somatodendritic domain, the vast majority of presynaptic components are synthesized in the neuronal soma, packaged into synaptic precursor vesicles, and actively transported along the axon to sites of presynaptic biogenesis. In contrast with the significant progress that has been made in understanding synaptic transmission and processing of information at the post-synapse, comparably little is known about the formation and dynamic remodeling of the presynaptic compartment. We review here our current understanding of the mechanisms that govern the biogenesis, transport, and assembly of the key components for presynaptic neurotransmission, discuss how alterations in presynaptic assembly may impact nervous system function or lead to disease, and outline key open questions for future research.