Molecular evolution of the infrared sensory gene TRPA1 in snakes and implications for functional studies.
Molecular evolution of the infrared sensory gene TRPA1 in snakes and implications for functional studies.
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蛇红外感觉基因 TRPA1 的分子进化及其对功能研究的意义
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0028644
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Zhang P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Geng J;Liang D;Jiang K;Zhang P
TRPA1是一种钙离子通道蛋白，最近被发现是含坑器官蛇的红外受体。因此，了解TRPA1的分子进化过程有助于阐明蛇“热视觉”的起源，揭示TRPA1红外敏感性的分子机制。为此，我们对24种蛇的红外传感基因TRPA1进行了测序，这些蛇包括9个蛇科和多个非蛇外群。我们发现TRPA1在有坑蛇中有很强的正选择，而在其他非坑蛇和非蛇脊椎动物中没有。与TRPA1密切相关的TRPV1基因在所有被研究的物种中都处于较强的净化选择中，而在有坑蛇和没有坑蛇之间，选择的强度没有差异。这一发现表明，TRPA1的适应性进化特异性地发生在含坑蛇体内，可能与探测红外辐射的功能改变有关。此外，通过比较TRPA1蛋白序列，我们发现11个氨基酸位点在有坑蛇中分化而在非坑蛇和其他脊椎动物中保守，21个位点仅在有坑蛇中分化而在其他蛇中保守。这些特定的氨基酸取代可能对红外传感具有潜在的重要功能。
TRPA1 is a calcium ion channel protein recently identified as the infrared receptor in pit organ-containing snakes. Therefore, understanding the molecular evolution of TRPA1 may help to illuminate the origin of “heat vision” in snakes and reveal the molecular mechanism of infrared sensitivity for TRPA1. To this end, we sequenced the infrared sensory gene TRPA1 in 24 snake species, representing nine snake families and multiple non-snake outgroups. We found that TRPA1 is under strong positive selection in the pit-bearing snakes studied, but not in other non-pit snakes and non-snake vertebrates. As a comparison, TRPV1, a gene closely related to TRPA1, was found to be under strong purifying selection in all the species studied, with no difference in the strength of selection between pit-bearing snakes and non-pit snakes. This finding demonstrates that the adaptive evolution of TRPA1 specifically occurred within the pit-bearing snakes and may be related to the functional modification for detecting infrared radiation. In addition, by comparing the TRPA1 protein sequences, we identified 11 amino acid sites that were diverged in pit-bearing snakes but conserved in non-pit snakes and other vertebrates, 21 sites that were diverged only within pit-vipers but conserved in the remaining snakes. These specific amino acid substitutions may be potentially functional important for infrared sensing.
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