Carbon, sulfur and nitrogen oxide emissions from combustion of pulverized raw and torrefied biomass
Carbon, sulfur and nitrogen oxide emissions from combustion of pulverized raw and torrefied biomass
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.017
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发表时间：
2017-01-15
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Levendis, Yiannis A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ren, Xiaohan;Sun, Rui;Levendis, Yiannis A.
本研究对比了几种类型的生物质燃烧产生的碳、硫和氮氧化物的气体排放，包括木质、草本和作物来源的废物，粉碎的大小在75-150 μ m之间。在实验室规模的电热管炉中，在1400 K的温度下，原料和碳化生物质都暴露在高加热速率(10（4)-10(5)K/s）下。燃烧发生在燃料稀薄的条件下。碳化生物质具有较低的挥发分含量、较高的固定碳含量和较高的热值。结果表明：(a)碳化生物质的CO2排放因子高于原生物质，反映了原生物质的碳含量更高，但排放因子（kg/GJ）没有统一的趋势；(b)碳化生物质的SO2排放因子低于原始生物质，即使某些碳化生物质类型的硫质量分数高于其原始生物质前体。除一个例外，所有生的和碳化的生物质产生的SO2排放因子低于典型的亚烟煤；(c)碳化生物质比其原料生物质前体具有更高的燃料氮质量分数；然而，原生生物质和碳化生物质的NOx排放因子之间没有明显的趋势，碳化草本和木质生物质类型的排放因子高于其原生生物质前体，而碳化作物生物质类型的排放因子低于其原生生物质前体。与亚烟煤相比，部分原料型和碳化型生物质产生的NOx排放因子较低，部分较高。总的来说，燃烧大多数类型的生物质，无论是在原始状态还是在碳化状态下，都可以导致比典型的美国西部亚烟煤更低的SO2和NOx排放因子，同时原则上产生最小的净碳排放。(C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
This work contrasted gaseous emissions of carbon, sulfur and nitrogen oxides from combustion of several types of biomass including woody, herbaceous and crop-derived wastes, pulverized in the size range of 75-150 mu m. Both raw and torrefied biomass were exposed to high heating rates (10(4)-10(5) K/s) in a laboratory-scale electrically-heated drop-tube furnace, operated at 1400 K. Combustion occurred under fuel-lean conditions. Torrefied biomass has lower volatile matter content, higher fixed carbon content and higher heating value than raw biomass. Results revealed that (a) CO2 emission factors from torrefied biomass were higher than those from raw biomass, reflecting the higher carbon content of the former, however there was no uniform trend in emission factors (kg/GJ); (b) SO2 emission factors of torrefied biomass were lower than those from raw biomass, even if some torrefied biomass types contained higher sulfur mass fractions than their raw biomass precursors. All raw and torrefied biomass, with one exemption, generated lower SO2 emission factors than a typical sub-bituminous coal; (c) torrefied biomass has higher fuel-nitrogen mass fractions than their raw biomass precursors; however, there was no clear trend in NOx emission factors between raw and torrefied biomass, as torrefied herbaceous and woody biomass types generated higher while torrefied crop biomass types generated lower emission factors than their raw biomass precursors. Comparing with the sub-bituminous coal, some raw and torrefied biomass types generated lower and some higher NOx emission factors. Overall, combustion of most types of biomass, either in raw or torrefied state, can result in lower SO2 and NOx emissions factors than those of typical western US sub-bituminous coals while, in principle, generating minimal net emissions of carbon. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.