Measuring the ups and downs of pregnancy stress
Measuring the ups and downs of pregnancy stress
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DOI：
10.1080/01674820400017830
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Hawkins, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DiPietro, JA;Ghera, MM;Hawkins, M
尽管压力对怀孕的影响有很大的兴趣，但很少有工具可用于测量怀孕特定的压力源。此外，研究通常集中在怀孕的痛苦，消极方面。这份报告探讨了怀孕经验量表（PES）的可靠性和有效性，这是一个41项的量表，测量怀孕特定的日常麻烦和提升。在24、30和36周（n = 52）或32和38周（n = 137）时，对两个低风险女性队列进行PES给药。女性认为她们的怀孕比争吵更强烈，更频繁地令人振奋。内部量表信度较高（α = 0.91至0.95）。频率和强度分数的麻烦和隆起是稳定的，随着时间的推移（r = 0.56至0.83）和模式的收敛和判别有效性之间出现的PES和现有的措施，一般的情感强度，日常压力，抑郁症状，焦虑。这些结果表明：（1）如果不测量怀孕特有的压力，会低估孕妇经历痛苦的程度;（2）如果只测量怀孕的负面因素，会高估痛苦，无法描绘出孕妇因怀孕而心理提升的程度。测量与隆起相关的麻烦可能提供最平衡的妊娠评估评估。
Despite substantial interest in the effects of stress on pregnancy, few instruments are available to measure pregnancy-specific stressors. Moreover, research has typically focused on the distressing, negative aspects of pregnancy., This report examines the reliability and validity of the Pregnancy Experience Scale (PES), a 41 item scale that measures pregnancy-specific daily hassles and uplifts. The PES was administered to two cohorts of low risk women at 24, 30, and 36 weeks (n = 52) or 32 and 38 weeks (n = 137). Women perceived their pregnancies to be significantly more intensely and frequently uplifting than hassling. Internal scale reliability was high (alpha = 0.91 to 0.95). Frequency and intensity scores for hassles and uplifts were stable over time (r's = 0.56 to 0.83) and patterns of convergent and discriminant validity emerged between the PES and existing measures of-general affective intensity, daily stressors, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. These results indicate that (1) failure to measure pregnancy-specific stress will underestimate the degree to which pregnant women experience distress and (2) measurement of only the negative aspects of pregnancy will overestimate distress and fail to portray the degree to which women are psychologically elevated by their pregnancies. Measurement of hassles relative to uplifts may provide the most balanced assessment of pregnancy appraisal.