On the origins of water masses exported along both sides of Greenland: A Lagrangian model analysis
On the origins of water masses exported along both sides of Greenland: A Lagrangian model analysis
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格陵兰岛两岸输出水团的起源：拉格朗日模型分析
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Grima
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Lique;A. Treguier;B. Blanke;N. Grima
本文用一种新颖的数值方法研究了沿格陵兰岛沿着从北极输出到北大西洋的水团的起源。一个定量的拉格朗日分析应用于每月的气候3-D输出的全球海洋/海冰高分辨率模式。它可以量化输出到北大西洋的不同分支，以及相关的时间尺度和水团变化。在该模型中，通过戴维斯海峡的外流由太平洋和大西洋水的相等部分组成，而通过弗拉姆海峡的出口几乎完全由大西洋水组成（与观测相反）。太平洋水通过博福特环流迅速（O（10年））转移到北大西洋，在那里逐渐变暖和盐碱化发生。格陵兰岛沿着表层的大西洋水在北极盆地停留了大约10年，并经历了冷却和显著的淡水化。在地表水以下，大西洋水通过弗拉姆海峡的中层和深层流出，在北极遵循不同的路径，其轨迹受到地形的限制。旅行时间很大程度上取决于路径（从1年到1000年）。中间流出主要由从弗拉姆海峡进入北极的水组成，而一半的深层流出由来自巴伦支海的水组成。我们发现，导致弗拉姆海峡和戴维斯海峡外流的巴伦支海分支在一年后由于与非常寒冷的大气（在巴伦支海）进行热交换而几乎完全改变。
The origin of the water masses exported from the Arctic to the North Atlantic along both sides of Greenland is investigated using an original numerical method. A quantitative Lagrangian analysis is applied to the monthly climatological 3-D output of a global ocean/sea ice high-resolution model. It allows quantification of the different branches of the export to the North Atlantic, as well as related timescales and water mass transformations. In the model, the outflow through Davis Strait consists in equal parts of Pacific and Atlantic water, whilst the export through Fram Strait consists almost fully of Atlantic water (contrary to observations). Pacific water is transferred quickly (O(10 years)) to the North Atlantic through the Beaufort Gyre, where gradual warming and salinification occur. Atlantic water exiting in the surface layer along both sides of Greenland remains about 10 years in the Arctic Basin and undergoes cooling and significant freshening. Below the surface water, Atlantic water exiting through the intermediate and deep layers in Fram Strait follows different pathways in the Arctic, with trajectories being subject to topography constraints. The travel time depends strongly on the pathway (from 1 to 1000 years). The intermediate outflow consists mainly of water entering the Arctic at Fram Strait, while half the deep outflow is composed of water from the Barents Sea. We find that the Barents Sea Branch, which contributes to both the outflows at Fram and Davis straits, is almost fully transformed after a year due to heat exchanges with the very cold atmosphere (in the Barents Sea).