Is maternal smoking during pregnancy a causal environmental risk factor for adolescent antisocial behavior? Testing etiological theories and assumptions.
Is maternal smoking during pregnancy a causal environmental risk factor for adolescent antisocial behavior? Testing etiological theories and assumptions.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291711002443
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发表时间：
2012-07
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Lahey, B. B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D'Onofrio, B. M.;Van Hulle, C. A.;Goodnight, J. A.;Rathouz, P. J.;Lahey, B. B.
虽然许多研究表明，母亲在怀孕期间吸烟（SDP）与后来的后代反社会行为（ASB），最近的准实验研究表明，背景的家庭因素混淆的关联。本研究旨在测试替代病因学假设，使用多个指标的青少年ASB，比较差异暴露的兄弟姐妹，并测试假设的兄弟姐妹比较设计。该研究检查了母亲SDP与报告的ASB，刑事定罪，以及来自全国青年纵向调查的6，066名女性后代中早期开始和慢性ASB的一组个体成员之间的关联，这是美国女性的代表性样本。该分析控制了统计协变量，并在比较差异暴露的兄弟姐妹时检查了相关性。在人群水平上，每增加一包香烟/天，平均报告的ASB症状就会增加（均值比=1.15，95%CI =1.08-1.22），ASB前10%的比值（OR=1.34，95%CI =1.10-1.65）、刑事定罪的风险（HR=1.51，95%CI =1.34-1.68）和慢性ASB的几率（OR=1.57，95%CI =1.25-1.99）。SDP鲁棒地预测了ASB的大多数评估，同时控制了测量的协变量。然而，当比较暴露于不同水平SDP的兄弟姐妹时，所有的关联都减弱了，并且没有统计学意义：报告的平均ASB（均值比=0.86，95% CI =0.74-1.01），高ASB（OR=0.67，95%CI =0.41-1.12）、刑事定罪（HR=0.98，95%CI =0.66-1.44）和慢性ASB（OR=0.80，95%CI =0.46-1.38）。结果强烈表明，家庭因素占SDP和后代青少年ASB之间的相关性，而不是一个假定的因果环境影响的SDP。
Although many studies indicate that maternal smoking during pregnancy (SDP) is correlated with later offspring antisocial behavior (ASB), recent quasi-experimental studies suggest that background familial factors confound the association. The present study sought to test alternative etiological hypotheses using multiple indices of adolescent ASB, comparing differentially exposed siblings, and testing assumptions in the sibling-comparison design. The study examined the association between maternal SDP and adolescent-reported ASB, criminal convictions, and membership in a group of individuals with early-starting and chronic ASB among 6,066 offspring of women from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, a representative sample of women in the United States. The analyses controlled for statistical covariates and examined associations while comparing differentially exposed siblings. At the population-level, each additional pack of cigarettes/day predicted greater mean adolescent-reported ASB symptoms (ratio of means=1.15, 95% CIs=1.08–1.22), odds of being in the top 10% of ASB (OR=1.34, 95% CIs=1.10–1.65), hazard of a criminal conviction (HR=1.51, 95% CIs=1.34–1.68), and odds of chronic ASB (OR=1.57, 95% CIs=1.25–1.99). SDP robustly predicted most assessments of ASB while controlling for measured covariates. When siblings exposed to differing levels of SDP were compared, however, all of the associations were attenuated and were not statistically significant: adolescent-reported mean ASB (ratio of means=0.86, 95% CIs=0.74–1.01), High ASB (OR=0.67, 95% CIs=0.41–1.12), criminal conviction (HR=0.98, 95% CIs=0.66–1.44), and Chronic ASB (OR=0.80, 95% CIs=0.46–1.38). The results strongly suggest that familial factors account for the correlation between SDP and offspring adolescent ASB, rather than a putative causal environmental influence of SDP.