Rethinking the Concepts of Virtual Water and Water Footprint in Relation to the Production–Consumption Binomial and the Water–Energy Nexus
Rethinking the Concepts of Virtual Water and Water Footprint in Relation to the Production–Consumption Binomial and the Water–Energy Nexus
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重新思考与生产-消费二项式和水-能源关系有关的虚拟水和水足迹的概念
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
M. J. Beltrán
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作者：
E. Velázquez;Cristina Madrid;M. J. Beltrán
在生态经济学领域，最近强调需要使用实物指标来分析经济过程，同时将其作为决策工具。虚拟水(VW)和水足迹(WF)是实现这一目标的两个有用指标，第一个指标是从生产角度，第二个指标是从消费角度。它们之间的这种差异很有趣，因为它可以确定谁对水的消费负责，无论是生产者还是消费者，并证明了这两个指标在制定水管理政策时的潜力。在这项工作中，我们考虑了一个假设，根据这个假设，虚拟水和水足迹这两个概念之间存在明显的差异，这种差异虽然在它们各自的概念化中很明显，但在它们的估计和应用中并没有反映出来。这一点是正确的，这两个概念经常被用作同义词，从而浪费了与它们的差异相关的巨大潜力。从这一假设出发，我们的目标是首先通过深入和彻底的文献回顾来强调大众和工作人员之间这一明显但被忽视的区别，对这两个概念的概念定义和贡献、开发的方法和应用进行了深入和彻底的文献回顾。第二，我们打算提出一项概念和方法建议，旨在强调已经提到的不同之处，并确定用水方面的责任。我们通过扩大分析背景和整合生产-消费、二项式和水-能源关系来做到这一点。
In the field of Ecological Economics, the need of using physical indicators to analyse economic processes, at the same time they serve as tools in decision making, has been lately highlighted. Virtual Water (VW) and Water Footprint (WF) are two useful indicators in achieving this objective, the first one from the perspective of production, the second one from that of consumption. This difference between them is interesting inasmuch as it allows to identify the subjects who are responsible for water consumption, whether producers or consumers, and proves both indicators’ potential when designing water management policies. In this work, we consider a hypothesis according to which there is a clear difference between the two concepts—Virtual Water and Water Footprint—and this difference, although evident in their respective conceptualizations, is not reflected in their estimations and applications. This is true to the point that the two concepts are often used as synonyms, thus wasting the enormous potential associated to their difference. Starting from this hypothesis, our objective is, first of all, to highlight this evident but ignored difference between VW and WF through a deep and thorough literature review of the conceptual definitions and contributions, the methodologies developed and the applications made regarding the two concepts. Second, we intend to make a conceptual and methodological proposition aimed at underlining the differences already mentioned and to identify responsibilities in water consumption. We do it by broadening the context of analysis and by integrating the production–consumption binomial and water–energy nexus.