Sweet taste signaling and the formation of memories of energy sources.
Sweet taste signaling and the formation of memories of energy sources.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnsys.2011.00099
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
de Araujo IE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Araujo IE
在过去的十年里，我们对味觉系统的认识有了显著的进步。分子生物学技术的应用不仅确定了介导甜味的膜受体和下游效应子的身份，而且还揭示了味觉编码的整体逻辑。然而，虽然品尝甜味的能力可能提供了引起快速和大量摄入糖的明显优势，但最近的一些研究表明，甜味对于形成与糖摄入相关的长期偏好既不是必要的，也不是充分的。此外，将甜味与随后的能量利用分离可能会破坏体重控制。这篇简短的评论检查了最近在啮齿动物和果蝇中进行的实验，揭示了可代谢糖的味觉独立奖励特性。综上所述，这些实验证明了在没有甜味信号的情况下糖的强化作用，并指出多巴胺系统在将代谢感知转化为行为作用中发挥的关键作用。从机制的角度来看，目前的证据有利于胃肠道和后吸收信号的概念，有助于并行甜独立糖的接受和多巴胺的释放。
The last decade witnessed remarkable advances in our knowledge of the gustatory system. Application of molecular biology techniques not only determined the identity of the membrane receptors and downstream effectors that mediate sweetness, but also uncovered the overall logic of gustatory coding in the periphery. However, while the ability to taste sweet may offer the obvious advantage of eliciting rapid and robust intake of sugars, a number of recent studies demonstrate that sweetness is neither necessary nor sufficient for the formation of long-lasting preferences for stimuli associated with sugar intake. Furthermore, uncoupling sweet taste from ensuing energy utilization may disrupt body weight control. This minireview examines recent experiments performed in both rodents and Drosophila revealing the taste-independent rewarding properties of metabolizable sugars. Taken together, these experiments demonstrate the reinforcing actions of sugars in the absence of sweet taste signaling and point to a critical role played by dopamine systems in translating metabolic sensing into behavioral action. From a mechanistic viewpoint, current evidence favors the concept that gastrointestinal and post-absorptive signals contribute in parallel to sweet-independent sugar acceptance and dopamine release.