A rose by any other name: Long-term memory structure and sentence processing
A rose by any other name: Long-term memory structure and sentence processing
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DOI：
10.1006/jmla.1999.2660
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发表时间：
1999-11-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Kutas, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Federmeier, KD;Kutas, M
通过记录个体阅读成对句子进行理解时的事件相关脑电位，考察了句子语境和语义记忆结构对在线句子加工的影响。第一个句子建立了对语义类别的特定样本的期望，而第二个句子以(1)预期样本、(2)来自相同(预期)类别的意外样本、或(3)来自不同(意外)类别的意外项目结束。预期结果引发了250到550毫秒之间的正性，而所有意外结果都引发了N400，这比预期类别中的条目要小得多。这种N400的减少随着语境诱导预期的强度而不同：意想不到的、绝对相关的结局在更受约束的语境中诱发了较小的N400，尽管它们与语境的适合性较差(可信度较低)。这种效应模式最好的解释是反映了与语境无关的长时记忆结构对句子加工的影响。因此，结果表明，世界上物体之间的物理和功能相似性--即范畴结构--影响神经组织，进而影响常规的语言理解过程。(C)1999年学术出版社。
The effects of sentential context and semantic memory structure during on-line sentence processing were examined by recording event-related brain potentials as individuals read pairs of sentences for comprehension. The first sentence established an expectation for a particular exemplar of a semantic category, while the second ended with (1) that expected exemplar, (2) an unexpected exemplar from the same (expected) category, or (3) an unexpected item from a different (unexpected) category. Expected endings elicited a positivity between 250 and 550 ms while all unexpected endings elicited an N400, which was significantly smaller to items from the expected category. This N400 reduction varied with the strength of the contextually induced expectation: unexpected, categorically related endings elicited smaller N400s in more constraining contexts, despite their poorer fit to context (lower plausibility). This pattern of effects is best explained as reflecting the impact of context-independent long-term memory structure on sentence processing. The results thus suggest that physical and functional similarities that hold between objects in the world-i.e., category structure-influence neural organization and, in turn, routine language comprehension processes. (C) 1999 Academic Press.