Chemosensory gene expression in olfactory organs of the anthropophilic Anopheles coluzzii and zoophilic Anopheles quadriannulatus
Chemosensory gene expression in olfactory organs of the anthropophilic Anopheles coluzzii and zoophilic Anopheles quadriannulatus
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DOI：
10.1186/s12864-017-4122-7
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发表时间：
2017-09-22
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Slotman, M. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Athrey, G.;Cosme, L. V.;Slotman, M. A.
研究背景：按蚊Anopheles（An.）非洲主要的疟疾病媒之一，coluzzii是高度嗜中性的。人类对宿主的这种偏好极大地促进了其传播疟疾的能力。与此相反，密切相关的安。quadriannulatus喜欢以牛科动物为食，被认为不会导致疟疾传播。这些兄弟物种之间的主机气味配置文件的分歧偏好可能反映在嗅觉器官中的化学感受基因的表达水平。因此，我们比较了安氏按蚊触角和下颚须的转录组。coluzzii和安氏隐翅虫An. quadriannulatus，重点关注主要的化学感受基因家族。结果：虽然两个物种之间的化学感受基因表达密切相关，但其中一个物种的各种化学感受基因的表达显着增强。安的触角里。coluzzii中6种嗅觉受体（Ors）和7种离子型受体（Irs）的表达显著增强，而An中11种Ors和3种Irs的表达上调。四环带的在上颌须，撇开IR的表达水平非常低，一个IR强烈增强，在每个物种。此外，我们发现气味结合蛋白（Obp）基因表达的分歧，与几个高表达的Obps被增强的触角和触须的An。猫猴。最后，几个味觉受体（Grs）在触须的表达似乎是物种特异性的，包括同源的糖敏感果蝇Gr.结论：有相当数量的Ors和IRS的差异表达这两个密切相关的物种与分歧的主机偏好。这些化学感受基因可能在疟疾载体An的人类宿主偏好中发挥作用。猫猴。此外，两个物种之间的Obp表达的分歧表明，这些气味载体蛋白在确定主机的偏好可能的作用。最后，分歧化学感受器在触须的表达可能指向一个可能的作用，上颌触须在主机分化。
Background: Anopheles (An.) coluzzii, one of Africa's primary malaria vectors, is highly anthropophilic. This human host preference contributes greatly to its ability to transmit malaria. In contrast, the closely related An. quadriannulatus prefers to feed on bovids and is not thought to contribute to malaria transmission. The diverged preference for host odor profiles between these sibling species is likely reflected in chemosensory gene expression levels in the olfactory organs. Therefore, we compared the transcriptomes of the antennae and maxillary palps between An. coluzzii and An. quadriannulatus, focusing on the major chemosensory gene families.Results: While chemosensory gene expression is strongly correlated between the two species, various chemosensory genes show significantly enhanced expression in one of the species. In the antennae of An. coluzzii the expression of six olfactory receptors (Ors) and seven ionotropic receptors (Irs) is considerably enhanced, whereas 11 Ors and 3 Irs are upregulated in An. quadriannulatus. In the maxillary palps, leaving aside Irs with very low level of expression, one Ir is strongly enhanced in each species. In addition, we find divergence in odorant binding protein (Obp) gene expression, with several highly expressed Obps being enhanced in the antennae and palps of An. coluzzii. Finally, the expression of several gustatory receptors (Grs) in the palps appears to be species-specific, including a homolog of a sugar-sensing Drosophila Gr.Conclusions: A considerable number of Ors and Irs are differentially expressed between these two closely related species with diverging host preference. These chemosensory genes could play a role in the human host preference of the malaria vector An. coluzzii. Additionally, divergence in Obp expression between the two species suggests a possible role of these odor carrier proteins in determining host preference. Finally, divergence in chemosensory expression in the palps may point towards a possible role for the maxillary palps in host differentiation.