Miscanthus: European experience with a novel energy crop
Miscanthus: European experience with a novel energy crop
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DOI：
10.1016/s0961-9534(00)00032-5
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Huisman, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lewandowski, I;Clifton-Brown, JC;Huisman, W
芒属植物是一种原产于东亚的多年生高秆地下茎草本植物，具有C-4光合作用。本文概述了过去10年来欧洲芒草的最重要成果和经验。从地中海到斯堪的纳维亚半岛南部的整个欧洲都进行了田间试验。大多数报道的试验都使用了一个充满活力的不育无性系Miscanthus x Lactaceus，它已经通过根茎切割或体外培养进行了无性繁殖。据报道，在南欧进行的灌溉试验中，秋季产量超过30千公顷（12吨英亩）。在没有灌溉的情况下，预计秋季产量为10-25千吨（-1）（干物质）。用于燃烧的芒草生物质的质量在某些方面与木本生物质相当，并且通常通过将收获延迟到春季来改善，尽管与秋季产量相比，可收获产量因此减少了30-50%。已经开发了芒草的种植、收获和处理的不同技术选择，这些技术选择显著影响了生产成本。芒草生产的特点是肥料和农药需求量低，使其成为一种相对无害的环境作物。芒草生产的主要限制因素是M.主要原因是建立成本高，在某些地点越冬较差，以及欧洲南部地区供水不足。欧洲正在开发新的农艺技术和具有改良特性的新基因型，并在广泛的生态条件下进行筛选。在此背景下，欧洲的经验，在北美种植芒草的前景进行了讨论。(C)2000爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
Miscanthus is a tall perennial rhizomatous grass with C-4 photosynthesis which originated in East Asia. This article provides an overview of the most important results and experience gained with miscanthus in Europe over the past 10 years. Field trials have been established throughout Europe from the Mediterranean to southern Scandinavia. Most reported trials have used a vigorous sterile clone Miscanthus x giganteus, which has been propagated vegetatively either by rhizome cutting or in vitro culture. Yields in autumn have been reported in excess of 30 tha(-1) (12 t acre(-1)) for irrigated trials in southern Europe. Without irrigation autumn yields of 10-25 tha(-1) (dry matter) can be expected. The quality of miscanthus biomass for combustion is in some respect comparable to woody biomass and normally improves by delaying harvesting until the spring, although harvestable yields are thus reduced by 30-50% compared with autumn yields. Different technical options for establishment, harvesting and handling of miscanthus have been developed and these significantly effect production costs. Miscanthus production is characterized by low fertilizer and pesticide requirements making it a relatively benign crop environmentally. The main limitations to miscanthus production from M. x giganteus are the high establishment costs, poor over-wintering at some sites and insufficient water supply in southern regions of Europe. New agronomic techniques and new genotypes with improved characteristics are being developed and screened over the wide range of ecological conditions in Europe. Against this background of European experience the prospects for growing miscanthus in North America are discussed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.