Cryptic Eimeria genotypes are common across the southern but not northern hemisphere.
Cryptic Eimeria genotypes are common across the southern but not northern hemisphere.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.05.006
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发表时间：
2016-08
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Blake DP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Clark EL;Macdonald SE;Thenmozhi V;Kundu K;Garg R;Kumar S;Ayoade S;Fornace KM;Jatau ID;Moftah A;Nolan MJ;Sudhakar NR;Adebambo AO;Lawal IA;Álvarez Zapata R;Awuni JA;Chapman HD;Karimuribo E;Mugasa CM;Namangala B;Rushton J;Suo X;Thangaraj K;Srinivasa Rao AS;Tewari AK;Banerjee PS;Dhinakar Raj G;Raman M;Tomley FM;Blake DP
七个艾美耳球虫属（Eimeria spp.）感染鸡的病毒在全球范围内都存在。隐藏的艾美耳球虫操作分类单位（OTU）在南半球而不是北方半球是常见的。寄生虫种群结构似乎不同艾美耳球虫属。顶复门包括具有医学、人畜共患病和兽医学意义的寄生虫。了解这些原生动物的全球分布和遗传多样性对于有效，强大和持久的控制方法至关重要。艾美耳球虫属在所有主要家畜动物中引起肠球虫病，并且在经济影响和动物福利方面是家养鸡的最重要寄生虫。尽管对粮食生产效率有重大的负面影响，但与艾美耳球虫属的全球分布和遗传变异有关的许多基本问题仍然存在。仍然基本上没有答案。在这里，我们提供了迄今为止最广泛的家禽艾美耳球虫分布图，证实了所有已知的物种（堆型艾美耳球虫、布氏艾美耳球虫、巨型艾美耳球虫、缓症艾美耳球虫、毒害艾美耳球虫、早发艾美耳球虫、柔嫩艾美耳球虫）都存在于发现鸡的所有六大洲（包括21个国家）。对来自17个国家的248个内转录间隔区序列的分析提供了可能的异域多样性的证据，如E。tenella（FST值≥ 0.34），而E. acervulina和E. mitis，并强调了广泛的遗传变异的趋势。我们发现，以前只在澳大利亚和南部非洲描述的三种遗传变异（操作分类单位x，y和z）在南半球有广泛的分布，但在北方没有。虽然这些操作分类单位基因型的这种两极化分布的驱动因素仍不清楚，但如果这些寄生虫传播到北方半球，遗传变异艾美球虫的发生可能会对欧洲和北美的粮食安全和动物福利构成风险。
The seven Eimeria spp. recognised to infect chickens are present globally. Cryptic Eimeria operational taxonomic units (OTUs) are common in the southern but not northern hemisphere. Parasite population structure appears to vary between Eimeria spp. The phylum Apicomplexa includes parasites of medical, zoonotic and veterinary significance. Understanding the global distribution and genetic diversity of these protozoa is of fundamental importance for efficient, robust and long-lasting methods of control. Eimeria spp. cause intestinal coccidiosis in all major livestock animals and are the most important parasites of domestic chickens in terms of both economic impact and animal welfare. Despite having significant negative impacts on the efficiency of food production, many fundamental questions relating to the global distribution and genetic variation of Eimeria spp. remain largely unanswered. Here, we provide the broadest map yet of Eimeria occurrence for domestic chickens, confirming that all the known species (Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria brunetti, Eimeria maxima, Eimeria mitis, Eimeria necatrix, Eimeria praecox, Eimeria tenella) are present in all six continents where chickens are found (including 21 countries). Analysis of 248 internal transcribed spacer sequences derived from 17 countries provided evidence of possible allopatric diversity for species such as E. tenella (FST values ⩽0.34) but not E. acervulina and E. mitis, and highlighted a trend towards widespread genetic variance. We found that three genetic variants described previously only in Australia and southern Africa (operational taxonomic units x, y and z) have a wide distribution across the southern, but not the northern hemisphere. While the drivers for such a polarised distribution of these operational taxonomic unit genotypes remains unclear, the occurrence of genetically variant Eimeria may pose a risk to food security and animal welfare in Europe and North America should these parasites spread to the northern hemisphere.