An iterative approach to case study analysis: insights from qualitative analysis of quantitative inconsistencies
An iterative approach to case study analysis: insights from qualitative analysis of quantitative inconsistencies
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案例研究分析的迭代方法：定量不一致的定性分析的见解
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发表时间：
2016
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通讯作者：
M. Janssen
中科院分区：
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作者：
A. Barnett;J. Baggio;Hoon C. Shin;David J. Yu;I. Pérez;Cathy Rubiños;Ute Brady;Elicia Ratajczyk;N. Rollins;R. Aggarwal;J. Anderies;M. Janssen
大量的比较研究帮助公共池资源学者对影响集体行动和治理结果的因素获得了一般性的见解。然而，这些研究往往受到数据缺失的限制，并且受到方法论的限制，即当我们将文本信息简化为定量数据时，重要信息会丢失。这项研究的动机是九个案例研究，这些案例似乎与奥斯特罗姆设计原则的存在增加了成功公共池资源治理的可能性的预期不一致。这些案例凸显了编码和分析大型案例研究的局限性。我们研究两个问题：1）丢失数据的挑战，2）依赖上下文（通常在编码过程中丢失）来解决经验观察与理论预测之间不一致的潜在方法。 对于后者，我们对大型比较研究进行了事后定性分析，以探讨两种类型的不一致：1）几乎所有设计原则的证据都被发现，但现有证据导致评估 CPR 系统不成功的情况；2）尽管发现设计原则的证据有限或没有证据，但 CPR 系统被认为是成功的情况。 我们描述了大 N 比较分析的固有挑战，以编码复杂且动态变化的公共池资源系统，以确定设计原则的存在或不存在以及“成功”的确定。 最后，我们说明在某些情况下，我们的定性分析显示，缺乏设计原则的同一性解释了不一致，从而在事实上协调了这种明显的不一致与理论预测。 该分析证明了定量和定性分析相结合的价值，并迭代使用混合方法来构建全面的方法论和理论方法，以理解动态变化背景下的公共池资源治理。
Large-N comparative studies have helped common pool resource scholars gain general insights into the factors that influence collective action and governance outcomes. However, these studies are often limited by missing data, and suffer from the methodological limitation that important information is lost when we reduce textual information to quantitative data. This study was motivated by nine case studies that appeared to be inconsistent with the expectation that the presence of Ostrom’s Design Principles increases the likelihood of successful common pool resource governance. These cases highlight the limitations of coding and analysing Large-N case studies. We examine two issues: 1) the challenge of missing data and 2) potential approaches that rely on context (which is often lost in the coding process) to address inconsistencies between empirical observations theoretical predictions. For the latter, we conduct a post-hoc qualitative analysis of a large-N comparative study to explore 2 types of inconsistencies: 1) cases where evidence for nearly all design principles was found, but available evidence led to the assessment that the CPR system was unsuccessful and 2) cases where the CPR system was deemed successful despite finding limited or no evidence for design principles. We describe inherent challenges to large-N comparative analysis to coding complex and dynamically changing common pool resource systems for the presence or absence of design principles and the determination of “success”. Finally, we illustrate how, in some cases, our qualitative analysis revealed that the identity of absent design principles explained inconsistencies hence de-facto reconciling such apparent inconsistencies with theoretical predictions. This analysis demonstrates the value of combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, and using mixed-methods approaches iteratively to build comprehensive methodological and theoretical approaches to understanding common pool resource governance in a dynamically changing context.