Individual Differences in Executive Functions and Retrieval Efficacy in Older Adults
Individual Differences in Executive Functions and Retrieval Efficacy in Older Adults
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DOI：
10.1037/pag0000315
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Anderson, Nicole D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Craik, Fergus I. M.;Eftekhari, Eldar;Anderson, Nicole D.
老年人记忆问题的两个突出方面是难以检索最近发生的事件，以及通常暂时无法从语义记忆中检索名称和其他众所周知的事实。在目前的研究中解决的问题是，这些年龄相关的困难是否反映了一个共同的原因-检索问题与效率低下的执行功能（EF）。在第一项研究中，50名老年人进行了4次EF测试;衍生的复合测量与自由回忆的检索功效测量密切相关，与配对联想回忆不太密切，与一般知识的检索无显著性。第二项研究使用了不同的EF指标，也使用了不同的语义记忆提取指标，这项研究确实发现EF、情景记忆和知识提取之间存在显着关系。EF和记忆提取的具体测试的变化改变了它们之间的关系，这表明没有一个任务是一个纯粹的测量EF或情节和语义记忆的理论结构。两者合计，这2项研究表明，在老年人EF的个体差异与检索效率在情节和语义记忆，但这些关系也取决于选择的具体措施来代表EF和记忆检索。
Two prominent aspects of memory problems in older adults are a difficulty in retrieving recent episodic events and an often transient inability to retrieve names and other well-known facts from semantic memory. The question addressed in the present studies was whether these age-related difficulties reflect a common cause-a retrieval problem related to inefficient executive functions (EF). In the first study, 50 older adults were given 4 tests of EF; a derived composite measure correlated strongly with a measure of retrieval efficacy in free recall, less strongly with paired-associate recall, and nonsignificantly with retrieval of general knowledge. A second study used somewhat different measures of EF and also different measures of retrieval from semantic memory, and this study did find significant relations between EF, episodic memory, and knowledge retrieval. Changes in the specific tests representing both EF and memory retrieval changed the relations between them, suggesting that no one task is a pure measure of the theoretical constructs of either EF or episodic and semantic memory. Taken together, the 2 studies showed that individual differences in EF in older adults are correlated with retrieval efficacy in both episodic and semantic memory but also that these relations depend on the specific measures chosen to represent both EF and memory retrieval.