Heat stress in older individuals and patients with common chronic diseases
Heat stress in older individuals and patients with common chronic diseases
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DOI：
10.1503/cmaj.081050
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发表时间：
2010-07-13
影响因子：
14.6
通讯作者：
Jay, Ollie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kenny, Glen P.;Yardley, Jane;Jay, Ollie
科学家预测，极端气候的频率和严重程度可能会增加。（1）这些变化可能对人口健康产生直接影响，因为热浪可能超出弱势群体的生理适应能力。 60 岁以上的人始终是最脆弱的群体，(2-4) 82%-92% 的超额死亡率发生在该群体中。(5) 对于患有肥胖症、(6,7) 心血管疾病、(8-10) 呼吸系统疾病 (8-10) 和糖尿病的人来说，与高温相关的疾病或损伤的风险会更大。(4,8,9) 这些情况会降低身体抵抗疾病的能力。 (11)当人们必须在高温下进行体力劳动时，与高温相关的发病率和死亡率的发生可能会更加频繁。(12)尽管与高温相关的发病率和死亡率的趋势很明显，但很少有研究来解释易感人群易感性增加的原因。在这篇综述中，我们描述了高温对人体生理的影响以及增加热应激风险的因素。框 1 总结了准备本综述所用的方法，并在附录 1 中进行了更详细的描述（可从 www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/cmaj.081050/DC1 获取）。
Scientists haven predicted that extremes in climate are likely to increase in frequency and severity.(1) These changes may have a direct impact on population health, as heat waves can exceed the physiological adaptive capacity of vulnerable population groups. Individuals over the age of 60 years are consistently the most vulnerable,(2-4) with 82%-92% of excess mortality occurring in this group.(5) Risks for heat-related illness or injuries are compounded for people with obesity,(6,7) cardiovascular disease,(8-10) respiratory disease(8-10) and diabetes mellitus.(4,8,9) These conditions decrease the body's ability to adapt to changes in environmental conditions.(11) When people must perform physical work in the heat, the occurrence of heat-related morbidity and mortality is likely to be more frequent.(12) Although these trends in heat-related morbidity and mortality are evident, there has been little research to explain the causes of increased susceptibility within vulnerable populations.In this review, we describe the effects of heat on human physiology and the factors that increase the risk of heat stress. The methods used in preparing this review are summarized in Box 1 and are described in greater detail in Appendix 1 (available at www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/cmaj.081050/DC1).