Is there an upper limit to black hole masses

Is there an upper limit to black hole masses
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黑洞质量有上限吗

DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
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通讯作者：
E. Treister
E. Treister
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文献类型：
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作者：
P. Natarajan;E. Treister

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我们提出了宇宙中存在超大质量黑洞（UMBHs）的理由，但认为黑洞（BH）质量可能存在一个上限，数量级为M 10 10 M。我们发现有三个强有力的论据来预测UMBH的存在：（i）当外推到星系团中明亮的中央星系的球球光度时，被认为是观测到的BH质量球球光度关系的自然延伸;（ii）在高红移时，对种子黑洞质量函数的新预测预测表明，通过吸积或合并的增长-诱导吸积不可避免地导致存在罕见的UMBHs在晚些时候;（iii）从所观察到的X射线光度函数的活动星系核计算的BH的本地质量函数预测的BH质量函数在z = 0的高质量的尾巴的存在。当地BH质量函数的光学和X射线普查之间的一致性需要BH质量的上限。这个一致的图像也预言了M bh -σ关系的斜率将随着高质量端的红移而演化。解释恒星成分和核黑洞共同演化的自我调节模型自然提供了这样一个上限。多波长约束的组合预测UMBHs的存在，同时提供了一个上限，它们的质量。这些局部UMBH的典型宿主可能是附近宇宙中明亮的中央星系团星系。
We make a case for the existence for ultra-massive black holes (UMBHs) in the Universe, but argue that there exists a likely upper limit to black hole (BH) masses of the order of M ∼ 10 10 M ⊙ . We show that there are three strong lines of argument that predicate the existence of UMBHs: (i) expected as a natural extension of the observed BH mass bulge luminosity relation, when extrapolated to the bulge luminosities of bright central galaxies in clusters; (ii) new predictions for the mass function of seed BHs at high redshifts predict that growth via accretion or merger-induced accretion inevitably leads to the existence of rare UMBHs at late times; (iii) the local mass function of BHs computed from the observed X-ray luminosity functions of active galactic nuclei predict the existence of a high-mass tail in the BH mass function at z = 0. Consistency between the optical and X-ray census of the local BH mass function requires an upper limit to BH masses. This consistent picture also predicts that the slope of the M bh -σ relation will evolve with redshift at the high-mass end. Models of self-regulation that explain the co-evolution of the stellar component and nuclear BHs naturally provide such an upper limit. The combination of multiwavelength constraints predicts the existence of UMBHs and simultaneously provides an upper limit to their masses. The typical hosts for these local UMBHs are likely the bright, central cluster galaxies in the nearby Universe.