Dominance and the Vigor of First Generation Hybrids
Dominance and the Vigor of First Generation Hybrids
复制标题
第一代混合动力车的主导地位和活力
DOI：
10.1086/279800
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发表时间：
1921
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Collins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Collins
刺激生长已被认为是杂交的结果之一。这一现象无论在理论上还是在实践上都非常重要，因此被赋予了一个特殊的称谓--杂种优势。(舒尔，1914年。)唐纳德·F·琼斯博士(1917年和1918年)的工作对这种活力增强的原因的研究产生了新的兴趣。简而言之，琼斯接受的理论是，成长受到许多不同的性格或因素的影响，每对性格中的显性成员对成长是有利的，隐性成员对成长是不利的。每个品系或品种都有一些显性性状和一些隐性性状。当两个品系杂交时，杂交种的第一代表现出双亲的显性特征，因此比任何一个亲本都更有活力。在以后的世代中，任何个体的显性特征的数量都不能超过第一代，而且在大多数情况下会比第一代少，因此平均精力会更少。第二代的人虽然仍高于父母的人，但将低于第一代的人。这一理论并不新鲜，但由于突出的反对意见，这一理论尚未被普遍接受。琼斯博士回顾了早期的工作，并对反对意见提出了一种非常巧妙和全新的解释。这种解释将在后面讨论。布鲁斯(1910)从纯粹的数学考虑--
A STIMULATION of growth has come to be recognized as one of the results of hybridization. The phenomenon is of so much importance, practical as well as theoretical, that it has been given a special designation, heterosis. (Shull, 1914.) New interest has been given to the study of the causes of this increased vigor by the work of Dr. Donald F. Jones' (1917 and 1918). Briefly stated the theory accepteld by Jones is that growth is affected by a number of different characters or factors, the dominant members of each character pair being favorable and the recessive unfavorable to growth. Each strain or variety possesses some dominant and some recessive characters. When two strains are crossed the first generation of the hybrid exhibits the dominant characters of both parents and is in consequence more vigorous than either parent. In subsequeiit generations the number of dominant characters in any individual can not be greater than in 'the first generation and in a large majority of instances will be less, hence the average vigor. of the second generation, although still above that of the parents, will be below that of the first. The theory is not new, but has not been generally accepted because of outstanding objections. Dr. Jones has reviewed the earlier work and has advanced a very ingenious and entirely novel explanation of the objections. This explanation will be discussed later. Bruce (1910) from purely mathematical considera-