The Evolutionary History of Termites as Inferred from 66 Mitochondrial Genomes
The Evolutionary History of Termites as Inferred from 66 Mitochondrial Genomes
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DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msu308
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发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Evans, Theodore A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bourguignon, Thomas;Lo, Nathan;Evans, Theodore A.
白蚁已经殖民了许多栖息地，是热带生态系统中最丰富的动物之一，它们通过自己的行动大大改变了生态系统。它们大量增加的时间和导致现代白蚁谱系的扩散事件还没有很好的理解。为了阐明白蚁的起源和多样化，我们对48种白蚁的线粒体基因组进行了测序，并将其与18种先前测序的白蚁线粒体基因组结合起来，使用多种化石校准进行系统发育和分子钟分析。66个基因组代表了白蚁的大多数主要分支。与以前的系统发育研究较少的分子数据的基础上，我们的系统发育树是完全解决了较低的白蚁。大白蚁亚科（Macrotermitinae）和顶白蚁亚科（Apicotermitinae）的系统发育位置在高等白蚁中也被确定为基群，但在冠白蚁亚科（Termitinae + Syntermitinae + Nasutitermitinae + Cubitermitinae）中，某些节点的位置仍不确定。我们的分子钟树表明，导致白蚁和隐尾蟑螂的谱系分歧170 Ma（153-196 Ma 95%置信区间[CI]），现代白蚁科出现54 Ma（46-66 Ma 95% CI），冠白蚁组出现40 Ma（35-49 Ma 95% CI）。这表明，基白蚁分支的分布受到泛古大陆解体的最后阶段。我们的祖先的地理范围的推断表明，白蚁科，其中包括超过75%的现存白蚁物种，最有可能起源于非洲或亚洲，并获得了一系列的扩散和随后的多样化事件后，其泛热带分布。
Termites have colonized many habitats and are among the most abundant animals in tropical ecosystems, which they modify considerably through their actions. The timing of their rise in abundance and of the dispersal events that gave rise to modern termite lineages is not well understood. To shed light on termite origins and diversification, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome of 48 termite species and combined them with 18 previously sequenced termite mitochondrial genomes for phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses using multiple fossil calibrations. The 66 genomes represent most major clades of termites. Unlike previous phylogenetic studies based on fewer molecular data, our phylogenetic tree is fully resolved for the lower termites. The phylogenetic positions of Macrotermitinae and Apicotermitinae are also resolved as the basal groups in the higher termites, but in the crown termitid groups, including Termitinae + Syntermitinae + Nasutitermitinae + Cubitermitinae, the position of some nodes remains uncertain. Our molecular clock tree indicates that the lineages leading to termites and Cryptocercus roaches diverged 170 Ma (153-196 Ma 95% confidence interval [CI]), that modern Termitidae arose 54 Ma (46-66 Ma 95% CI), and that the crown termitid group arose 40 Ma (35-49 Ma 95% CI). This indicates that the distribution of basal termite clades was influenced by the final stages of the breakup of Pangaea. Our inference of ancestral geographic ranges shows that the Termitidae, which includes more than 75% of extant termite species, most likely originated in Africa or Asia, and acquired their pantropical distribution after a series of dispersal and subsequent diversification events.