Reciprocity in parent-child relations over the adult life course
Reciprocity in parent-child relations over the adult life course
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DOI：
10.1093/geronb/57.1.s3
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Bengtson, VL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Silverstein, M;Conroy, SJ;Bengtson, VL
目标.这项研究评估了父母如何转移情绪。时间和经济资产对他们的青少年/年轻的成年子女的影响，子女在中年提供社会支持，他们的父母。我们测试了长期代际交换的机制是否可以更好地建模为投资回报。由父母的长寿或身体虚弱引发的保险政策，或成年子女利他（或其他非互惠）动机的结果。模型采用来自南加州大学世代纵向研究的6波数据进行检验。样本包括501名儿童谁参加了1971年的调查，谁至少有一个父母在1985年生存。生长曲线模型被应用于预测的平均水平和变化率的社会支持提供给母亲和父亲在1985年和1997年之间作为一个功能的早期父母转移的感情，协会。和有形的资源给他们的孩子。1971年，与父母一起参加活动的时间越长的儿童，平均为父母提供的支持越多。1971年，从父母那里获得更多的经济支持，提高了儿童提供的支持随时间增加的边际比率。产妇保健与早期感染协同作用，产生更大程度的支持。来自儿童的支持的水平和增长率都是积极的，即使是那些没有从父母那里得到早期转移的儿童。研究结果为代际交换的投资、保险和利他模型提供了一定的支持。在活动中分享时间为母公司提供了直接回报，这是投资战略的特征，而资金转移提供了随时间而定的回报，这是保险机制的特征。这种情感触发更多的支持功能受损的母亲表明，在情感上投资于儿童作为一种健康保险机制可能是基于更大的道德公平给予母亲，成年子女的动机，以提供社会支持，他们的年长的父母部分植根于早期的家庭经验，并通过一个隐含的社会契约，确保长期互惠的指导。
Objectives. This research assessed how parents' transfers of sentiment. time, and financial assets to their adolescent/ young adult children affect the children's propensity in middle age to provide social support to their aging parents. We tested whether the mechanism of long-term intergenerational exchange is better modeled as a return on investment. an insurance policy triggered by the longevity or physical frailty of parents, or the result of altruistic (or other nonreciprocal) motivations on the part of adult children.Methods. Models were examined with 6 waves of data from the University of Southern California Longitudinal Study of Generations. The sample consisted of 501 children who participated in the 1971 survey and who had at least 1 parent surviving in 1985. Growth curve modeling was applied to predict average levels and rates of change in social support provided to mothers and fathers between 1985 and 1997 as a function of early parental transfers of affection, association. and tangible resources to their children.Results. Children who spent more time in shared activities with their mothers and fathers in 1971 provided more support to them on average, Receiving greater financial support from parents in 1971 raised the marginal rate at which support provided by children increased over time. Maternal health operated synergistically with early affection to produce greater levels of support. Both levels and rates of increase in support from children were positive, even for children who received no early transfers from their parents.Discussion. The results offer some support for investment, insurance, and altruistic models of intergenerational exchange. Sharing time in activities provides a direct return to the parent that is characteristic of an investment strategy, whereas financial transfers provide a time-contingent return that is characteristic of an insurance mechanism. That affection triggers greater support to more functionally impaired mothers suggests that emotionally investing in children as a health insurance mechanism may be based on the greater moral equity accorded to mothers, The motivation of adult children to provide social support to their older parents is partially rooted in earlier family experiences and guided by an implicit social contract that ensures long-term reciprocity.