Behavioural and Physiological Differences Between Silver Foxes Selected and Not Selected for Domestic Behaviour
Behavioural and Physiological Differences Between Silver Foxes Selected and Not Selected for Domestic Behaviour
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选择和未选择用于家养行为的银狐之间的行为和生理差异
DOI：
10.1017/s0962728600025811
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
T. Rekilä
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Harri;J. Mononen;L. Ahola;I. Plyusnina;T. Rekilä
动物的驯化程度很难估计，因为动物的表型不仅取决于它的遗传组成，而且还取决于它在个体发育过程中的经历。此外，野生动物和家养动物之间的比较也因缺乏适当的参考种群而受到影响。在这项研究中，我们比较了后代的银狐（狐），已被选定为驯服超过30代（NOVO）与正常的芬兰养殖狐狸（FIN）和这两个菌株之间的相互杂交。所有动物均在标准农场条件下圈养，无任何额外处理。NOVO狐的驯化指数高于FIN狐，恐惧指数低于FIN狐，其杂种狐的驯化指数介于两者之间。几乎所有的NOVO狐狸都在人类在场的情况下开始进食，并从他那里拿走一点美味佳肴，而只有少数FIN狐狸这样做。旷场和尿皮质醇测试未能区分基因型。NOVO幼仔在应激情况或ACTH注射前后血清皮质醇水平均较低，并且表现出比FIN幼仔更低的应激诱导的高热，而杂种幼仔表现出介于两者之间的结果。当开发和验证用于选择不太害怕的银狐的行为测试时，NOVO狐狸可以用作参考。所观察到的低恐惧水平和低应激激素水平表明在标准农场条件下NOVO狐狸的福利更好。
The degree of domestication of an animal is difficult to estimate because the animal's phenotype depends not only on its genetic make-up but also on its experiences during ontogeny. In addition, comparisons between wild and domestic animals suffer from the lack of a proper reference population. In this study, we compared the offspring of silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) that had been selected specifically for tameness for more than 30 generations (NOVO) with normal Finnish farmed foxes (FIN) and with reciprocal hybrids between these two strains. All animals were housed under standard farm conditions without any extra handling. The NOVO foxes had higher domestication indexes and lower fearfulness scores than the FIN foxes, with their hybrids showing values in between. Almost all NOVO foxes started eating in the presence of a human and took a titbit from him, whereas only a few FIN foxes did so. Open field and urinary cortisol tests failed to discriminate between the genotypes. The NOVO cubs had lower levels of serum cortisol both before and after a stressful situation or ACTH injection and showed lower stress-induced hyperthermia than the FIN cubs, with the hybrids showing results in between. NOVO foxes can be used as a reference when developing and validating behavioural tests for use in the selection of less fearful silver foxes. The observed low fear levels and low stress hormone levels suggest better welfare in the NOVO foxes under standard farm conditions.