Ideological Party Cohesion in Macro‐comparative Politics: The Nordic Social Democratic Parties from a Comparative Perspective
Ideological Party Cohesion in Macro‐comparative Politics: The Nordic Social Democratic Parties from a Comparative Perspective
复制标题
宏观比较政治中的意识形态政党凝聚力：比较视角下的北欧社会民主党
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9477.2012.00287.x
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
C. Oberst
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Jahn;C. Oberst
“政党凝聚力”是分析政党设置、否决者和联盟建设以及分析政策效率和政党反应能力的核心概念。然而，没有指标系统地衡量一段时间内各政党之间的凝聚力。因此，大多数已确立的研究将政党视为单一行为体，尽管从分析的角度来看，它们应被视为集体行为体。为了克服这一不足，本文提出了一个具有时变性和政党特性的政党凝聚力指数，该指数可用于宏观比较统计分析。“意识形态凝聚力”概念是沿着左右向度发展的。这一指数的应用，以比较北欧社会民主党（SDs）的政党凝聚力与他们的同行在另外17个国家。结果表明，北欧SDs凝聚力的神话只适用于福利国家的黄金时代。目前，大多数北欧民主党的政党凝聚力实际上低于许多其他国家的政党。政党凝聚力是宏观比较政治学中一个重要但又被严重忽视的研究课题。[1]大多数学者强烈认为，政党作为集体行动者，从定义上讲不是单一行动者，因此政党凝聚力是一个重要的分析和实质性问题，对理论建模和实证分析具有根本性影响，沿着实践意义。正如Laver和Shepsle（1999，第24页）所言：“在我们能够发展出一个现实的政党间竞争模型之前，我们需要一个政党内政治的模型。”将政党作为集体行为者的理论要求与一般将政党作为单一行为者的经验分析之间的差距，往往在政党立场和政策偏离时导致混乱。因此，必须将政党凝聚力作为一个独立因素加以考虑。从分析上看，几乎没有人不同意政党凝聚力的重要性。在美国政治的背景下，考克斯和麦卡宾斯（2005）证明，政党凝聚力
‘Party cohesion’ is a central concept in the analysis of agenda-setting, veto players and coalition-building as well as in the analysis of policy efficiency and party responsiveness. However, there is no indicator to measure party cohesion in a systematic manner over time and across parties. As a consequence, most established studies treat political parties as unitary actors although from an analytical point of view they should be considered collective actors. In order to overcome this deficiency, in this article a time-variant and party-specific index of party cohesion is developed which can be used in macro-comparative statistical analysis. The concept of ‘ideological cohesion’ is developed along the Left–Right dimension. This index is applied in order to compare the party cohesion of Nordic social democratic parties (SDs) with their counterparts in 17 additional countries. The results show that the myth of the cohesion of Nordic SDs is only true for the golden age of the welfare state. Currently, most of the Nordic SDs actually have a lower party cohesion than their counterparts in many other countries. Party cohesion is an important but highly neglected research subject in macro-comparative politics. 1 Most scholars strongly agree that political parties as collective actors are by definition not unitary actors and thus party cohesion is an important analytical and substantive issue with fundamental consequences for theoretical modeling and empirical analysis, along with practical implications. As Laver and Shepsle (1999, 24) declare: ‘We need a model of intraparty politics before we can develop a realistic model of inter-party competition.’ The gap between the theoretical requirement to model political parties as collective actors and empirical analysis that generally treats parties as unitary actors often leads to confusion when party positions and policies deviate. It is therefore important to take into account party cohesion as an independent factor. Analytically, there is very little disagreement that party cohesion is important. In the context of American politics, Cox and McCubbins (2005) demonstrate that party cohesion
比较政治学中左派和右派的概念
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Detlef
通讯作者：
Detlef