Bayesian statistical approaches to evaluating cognitive models.

Bayesian statistical approaches to evaluating cognitive models.
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DOI:
10.1002/wcs.1458
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发表时间:
2018-03
期刊:
Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Palmeri TJ
Palmeri TJ
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Annis J;Palmeri TJ

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认知模型的目的是解释复杂的人类行为的假设机制的头脑。这些机制可以用包含理论上有意义的参数的数学结构来形式化。例如,在感知决策的情况下,模型参数可能对应于理论结构,如响应偏差、证据质量、响应谨慎等。形式认知模型超越了语言模型,因为认知机制是用数学来实例化的,它们超越了统计模型,因为认知模型参数是心理学上可解释的。我们探讨了用于正式评估认知模型的三个关键要素:参数估计、模型预测和模型选择。我们比较和对比传统的方法与贝叶斯统计方法来执行这三个要素。传统的方法依赖于一系列看似特别的技术,而贝叶斯统计方法依赖于一个单一的,有原则的,内部一致的系统。我们说明了贝叶斯统计方法来评估认知模型的线性弹道累积模型的决策运行的例子。
Cognitive models aim to explain complex human behavior in terms of hypothesized mechanisms of the mind. These mechanisms can be formalized in terms of mathematical structures containing parameters that are theoretically meaningful. For example, in the case of perceptual decision making, model parameters might correspond to theoretical constructs like response bias, evidence quality, response caution, and the like. Formal cognitive models go beyond verbal models in that cognitive mechanisms are instantiated in terms of mathematics and they go beyond statistical models in that cognitive model parameters are psychologically interpretable. We explore three key elements used to formally evaluate cognitive models: parameter estimation, model prediction, and model selection. We compare and contrast traditional approaches with Bayesian statistical approaches to performing each of these three elements. Traditional approaches rely on an array of seemingly ad hoc techniques, whereas Bayesian statistical approaches rely on a single, principled, internally consistent system. We illustrate the Bayesian statistical approach to evaluating cognitive models using a running example of the Linear Ballistic Accumulator model of decision making.
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