The development and control of the land subsidence in the Yangtze Delta, China
The development and control of the land subsidence in the Yangtze Delta, China
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DOI：
10.1007/s00254-007-1123-x
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发表时间：
2008-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jichun Wu;Xiaoqing Shi;Yuqun Xue;Yun Zhang;Zixin Wei;Jun Yu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jichun Wu;Xiaoqing Shi;Yuqun Xue;Yun Zhang;Zixin Wei;Jun Yu
中国地面沉降主要发生在中国东部和中部的上海、天津、江苏、河北等17个省(市)。这主要是由地下水过度开采引起的。长江三角洲是受地面沉降影响最严重的地区之一，其大部分由上海市、江苏省苏锡昌地区(苏州、无锡、常州)和浙江省杭嘉湖地区(杭州、嘉兴、湖州)组成。地下水的过度开采形成了一个大的区域性凹陷锥体，因此，地面沉降也是区域性的，目前集中在上海和苏锡常地区。2002年，上海、苏西、杭嘉湖的最大累计沉降量分别为2.63m、2.00和1.06m。整个长三角地区的地面沉降区正在继续扩大。为了研究这次地面沉降的特征和规律，政府实施了一套监测系统，涉及放置37组伸缩仪(层标)和钻探1000多口观测井。这些资料提供了宝贵的变形和孔隙水压力的历史记录，并有助于研究地下水位因抽水而变化时土壤变形的特殊特征。近年来采取了几项措施，以控制不同地区地面沉降的发展；这些措施包括注水、禁止开采深层承压地下水，以及调整开采地下水的深度和数量。目前，虽然沉陷面积仍在缓慢增加，但沉陷速度得到控制。
Land subsidence in China occurs predominantly in 17 provinces (cities) situated in the eastern and middle regions of the country, including Shanghai, Tianjin and Jiangsu, and Hebei provinces. It is primarily caused by groundwater overpumping. One of the areas most severely affected by land subsidence is the Yangtze Delta, most of which consists of Shanghai City, the Su-Xi-Chang area (Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou cities) of Jiangsu Province, and the Hang-Jia-Hu area (Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Huzhou cities) of Zhejiang Province. The excessive exploitation of groundwater forms in a large regional cone of depression and, consequently, land subsidence is also regional, currently centered in the Shanghai and Su-Xi-Chang areas. In 2002, the maximum cumulative subsidence of Shanghai, Su-Xi-Chang and Hang-Jia-Hu were 2.63 m, 2.00 and 1.06 m, respectively. The land subsidence area is continuing to expand throughout the Yangtze Delta. To study the characteristics and the pattern of this land subsidence, the government has implemented a monitoring system involving the placement of 37 groups of extensometers (layers marks) and drilling of more than 1000 observation wells. These provide an invaluable historical record of deformation and pore water pressure and facilitate studies on the special features of soil deformation when the groundwater level changes due to pumping. Several measures have been taken in recent years to control the development of the land subsidence in the different areas; these include groundwater injection, prohibition of pumping deep confined groundwater, and an adjustment of the pumping depth and magnitude of the groundwater withdrawn. At present, although the subsidence area is still increasing slowly, the subsidence rate is controlled.