RNA interference in African trypanosomes.
RNA interference in African trypanosomes.
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DOI：
10.1078/1434-4610-00047
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发表时间：
2001-07
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
D. LaCount;J. Donelson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. LaCount;J. Donelson
非洲锥虫研究人员正在目睹四种技术的融合，这些技术为这些原生动物病原体的未来研究带来了巨大希望。高效转染方法的发展、诱导基因表达系统的设计、布氏锥虫基因组的测序以及最近布氏锥虫RNA干扰（RNAi）的发现为生物学家提供了一系列前所未有的新信息和实验方法来探索非洲锥虫的分子工作机制（Eid and Sollner-Webb 1987; Eid and Sollner-Webb 1991; EI-Sayed et al. 2000; Lee and货车der Ploeg 1990; N90 et al. 1998; ten Asbroek et al. 1990;维尔茨and克莱顿1995）。下面我们回顾一下7？中RNA干扰的发现和应用。RNA干扰是最近认识到的细胞过程，其中双链RNA（dsRNA）的存在导致相同序列的单链RNA被降解。RNAi属于称为转录后基因沉默（PTGS）的相关过程家族。这些机制相关的途径首先在植物和真菌中观察到，其中转基因表达或病毒感染激活了使相同序列的外源基因和内源基因沉默的途径（由Baulcombe 1999; Cogoni和Macino 2000综述）。Guo和Kemphues最初描述了线虫秀丽隐杆线虫中的RNAi（Guo和Kemphues 1995），Fire和同事们进行了开创性的观察，即dsRNA是触发因素（Fire et al. 1998）。从那时起，RNAi已被报道在锥虫（Ngo et al.1998）、果蝇（Kennerdell and Carthew 1998; Misquitta and Paterson 1999）、真涡虫（Sanchez阿尔瓦拉多and Newmark 1999）、水螅（Lohmann et al.1999）和胚胎小鼠（Wianny and Zernicka-Goetz 2000）中。RNAi和相关过程被认为是作为对转座子和病毒的异常RNA表达的防御而进化的。然而，对于分子生物学家来说，RNAi是一种强有力的工具，
African trypanosome researchers are witnessing the convergence of four technologies that hold great promise for future research on these protozoan pathogens. The development of efficient transfection methods, the design of inducible gene expression systems, the sequencing of the Trypanosoma brucei genome, and, most recently, the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) in T brucei have provided biologists with an unprecedented array of new infor—mation and experimental approaches to probe the molecular workings of African trypanosomes (Eid and Sollner—Webb 1987; Eid and Sollner—Webb 1991; EI-Sayed et al. 2000; Lee and Van der Ploeg 1990; N90 et al. 1998; ten Asbroek et al. 1990; Wirtz and Clayton 1995). Below we review the discovery of, and the applications for, RNA interference in 7? brucei.RNA interference is a recently recognized cellular process in which the presence of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes single stranded RNA of the same sequence to be degraded. RNAi belongs to a family of related processes referred to as post—tran—scriptional gene silencing (PTGS). These mechanis—tically related pathways were first observed in plants and fungi, where transgene expression or viral infec—tion activates a pathway that silences foreign genes and endogenous genes of the same sequence (reviewed by Baulcombe 1999; Cogoni and Macino 2000). Guo and Kemphues initially described RNAi in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (Guo and Kemphues 1995), and Fire and colleagues made the seminal observation that dsRNA was the trigger (Fire et al. 1998). Since then, RNAi has been re—ported in trypanosomes (Ngo et al. 1998), Drosophila (Kennerdell and Carthew 1998; Misquitta and Paterson 1999), planaria (Sanchez Alvarado and Newmark 1999), hydra (Lohmann et al. 1999), and embryonic mice (Wianny and Zernicka-Goetz 2000). RNAi and related processes are thought to have evolved as a defense against aberrant RNA expres—sion from transposons and viruses. For molecular biologists, however, RNAi represents a powerful tool