The gender gap in suicide and premature death or:: why are men so vulnerable?
The gender gap in suicide and premature death or:: why are men so vulnerable?
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DOI：
10.1007/s00406-003-0397-6
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发表时间：
2003-02-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Möller-Leimkühler, AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Möller-Leimkühler, AM
自杀和因冠心病、暴力、事故、吸毒或酗酒而过早死亡是男性的突出现象，特别是在青年和中年群体中。犯罪行为、行为障碍、自杀和抑郁症的发生率甚至在上升，这些都证明了年轻男子在性别方面的脆弱性很高。在解释这种脆弱性时，性别观点提供了一种分析工具来整合结构和文化因素。研究表明，传统的男性气质是男性脆弱性的关键风险因素，会促进适应不良的应对策略，如情绪缺乏表达、不愿寻求帮助或酗酒。由于不同的社会条件：男性性别角色的变化，后现代个人主义以及东欧和俄罗斯的快速社会变革，这种基本的男性性格被证明会增加心理社会压力。基于实证数据和理论解释，提出了男性脆弱性的性别模型。结论是，自杀和过早死亡的性别差异最有可能解释为社会角色机会的减少导致社会排斥。
Suicide and premature death due to coronary heart disease, violence, accidents, drug or alcohol abuse are strikingly male phenomena, particularly in the young and middle-aged groups. Rates of offending behaviour, conduct disorders, suicide and depression are even rising, and give evidence to a high gender-related vulnerability of young men. In explaining this vulnerability, the gender perspective offers an analytical tool to integrate structural and cultural factors. It is shown that traditional masculinity is a key risk factor for male vulnerability promoting maladaptive coping strategies such as emotional unexpressiveness, reluctance to seek help, or alcohol abuse. This basic male disposition is shown to increase psychosocial stress due to different societal conditions: to changes in male gender-role, to postmodern individualism and to rapid social change in Eastern Europe and Russia. Relying on empirical data and theoretical explanations, a gender model of male vulnerability is proposed. It is concluded that the gender gap in suicide and premature death can most likely be explained by perceived reduction in social role opportunities leading to social exclusion.