Distribution of macrolides, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim in tropical waters: Ubiquitous occurrence of veterinary antibiotics in the Mekong Delta
Distribution of macrolides, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim in tropical waters: Ubiquitous occurrence of veterinary antibiotics in the Mekong Delta
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DOI：
10.1021/es0709021
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发表时间：
2007-12-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Chiem, Nguyen H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Managaki, Satoshi;Murata, Ayako;Chiem, Nguyen H.
我们调查了12种抗生素的分布（即，磺胺类，大环内酯类，甲氧苄啶）的水从湄公河三角洲，越南，并比较他们与那些在玉川，日本。在越南，只有少数抗生素（即，在城市和农村的河流和运河中检测到磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶、甲氧苄啶和红霉素-H2O），浓度为7-360纳克/升。这与日本城市河流的结果形成对比，在日本城市河流中检测到更多的抗生素（磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺吡啶、甲氧苄啶、红霉素-H2O、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素和罗红霉素），浓度范围为4至448 ng/L。湄公河三角洲的磺胺类药物浓度与玉川河的浓度相当，而大环内酯类药物浓度则低于玉川河。在越南的沃茨中，磺胺二甲嘧啶（用作兽药）普遍存在，浓度相对较高（15-328纳克/升），这是一个独特的现象。在养猪场废水中检测到极高浓度的磺胺二甲嘧啶[（18.5-19.2）x 10（3）ng/L]，在养鸡场和养猪场附近的运河中观察到相对较高的浓度。所有这些数据表明，磺胺二甲嘧啶作为畜禽源污染的分子标记物的潜在效用。本研究表明，越南沃茨广泛存在兽药输入。
We investigated the distributions of 12 antibiotics (viz., sulfonamides, macrolides, and trimethoprim) in the water from the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, and compared them with those in the Tamagawa River, Japan. In Vietnam, only a few antibiotics (viz., sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, trimethoprim, and erythromycin-H2O) were detected in the river and canals from urban and rural sites, at concentrations of 7-360 ng/L. This contrasts with the results from the Japanese urban river, where more antibiotics (sulfa methoxazole, sulfapyridine, trimethoprim, erythromycin-H2O, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin) were detected at concentrations ranging from 4 to 448 ng/L. The concentrations of sulfonamides in the Mekong Delta were comparable to those in the Tamagawa River, whereas macrolide concentrations were lower than those in the Tamagawa River. The ubiquitous occurrence of sulfamethazine, used as a veterinary medicine, in the waters in Vietnam at relatively high concentrations (15-328 ng/L) was unique. Extremely high concentrations of sulfamethazine [(18.5-19.2) x 10(3) ng/L] were detected in pig farm wastewaters, and relatively high concentrations were observed in canals near chicken and pig farms. All these data suggested the potential utility of sulfamethazine as a molecular marker of livestock-source contamination. The present study demonstrated widespread inputs of veterinary medicines to waters in Vietnam.