Side readout of long scintillation crystal elements with digital SiPM for TOF-DOI PET
Side readout of long scintillation crystal elements with digital SiPM for TOF-DOI PET
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DOI：
10.1118/1.4901524
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Levin, Craig S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yeom, Jung Yeol;Vinke, Ruud;Levin, Craig S.
目的：从正电子发射断层扫描（PET）中的晶体元件的闪烁光的侧面读出是传统的端部读出配置的替代方案，其益处在于能够提供准确的相互作用深度（DOI）信息和良好的能量分辨率，同时实现飞行时间PET所需的优异的定时分辨率。本文探讨了闪烁晶体元件的不同读出几何结构，目标是实现同时实现优异的定时分辨率、能量分辨率、空间分辨率和光子灵敏度的探测器。方法：评估了用数字硅光电倍增管（dSiPMs）从端/侧读出的不同长度的离散LYSO闪烁元件的性能。结果：与从其端部读出的3 × 3 × 20 mm（3）LYSO晶体相比，其符合分辨时间（CRT）为162 +/- 6 ps FWHM和饱和能谱，侧读出配置在校正dSiPM内的定时偏差之后实现了144 +/-2ps FWHM的优异CRT，并且能量分辨率为11.8% +/-0.2%，无需能量饱和校正。对对应于不同的511 keV光子相互作用位置的单个dSiPM像素响应使用最大似然估计方法，该3 × 3 × 20 mm（3）晶体侧读出配置的DOI分辨率被计算为0.8 mm FWHM，在晶体端部具有可忽略的伪影。另一方面，与较小的3 × 3 × 5毫米（3）的LYSO晶体，也可以平铺/堆叠提供DOI信息，时间分辨率为134 +/- 6 ps的，但产生高度饱和的能谱。结论：的能量，时间，和DOI分辨率信息提取的长闪烁晶体元件耦合到dSiPM的一侧已被首次获得。作者在这项概念验证研究中得出结论，这种探测器配置有可能在定时、能量和DOI分辨率方面实现出色的探测器性能。(C)2014年美国医学物理学家协会。
Purpose: Side readout of scintillation light from crystal elements in positron emission tomography (PET) is an alternative to conventional end-readout configurations, with the benefit of being able to provide accurate depth-of-interaction (DOI) information and good energy resolution while achieving excellent timing resolution required for time-of-flight PET. This paper explores different readout geometries of scintillation crystal elements with the goal of achieving a detector that simultaneously achieves excellent timing resolution, energy resolution, spatial resolution, and photon sensitivity.Methods: The performance of discrete LYSO scintillation elements of different lengths read out from the end/side with digital silicon photomultipliers (dSiPMs) has been assessed.Results: Compared to 3 x 3 x 20 mm(3) LYSO crystals read out from their ends with a coincidence resolving time (CRT) of 162 +/- 6 ps FWHM and saturated energy spectra, a side-readout configuration achieved an excellent CRT of 144 +/- 2 ps FWHM after correcting for timing skews within the dSiPM and an energy resolution of 11.8% +/- 0.2% without requiring energy saturation correction. Using a maximum likelihood estimation method on individual dSiPM pixel response that corresponds to different 511 keV photon interaction positions, the DOI resolution of this 3 x 3 x 20 mm(3) crystal side-readout configuration was computed to be 0.8 mm FWHM with negligible artifacts at the crystal ends. On the other hand, with smaller 3 x 3 x 5 mm(3) LYSO crystals that can also be tiled/stacked to provide DOI information, a timing resolution of 134 +/- 6 ps was attained but produced highly saturated energy spectra.Conclusions: The energy, timing, and DOI resolution information extracted from the side of long scintillation crystal elements coupled to dSiPM have been acquired for the first time. The authors conclude in this proof of concept study that such detector configuration has the potential to enable outstanding detector performance in terms of timing, energy, and DOI resolution. (C) 2014 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.