Birth is but our death begun: a bioarchaeological assessment of skeletal emaciation in immature human skeletons in the context of environmental, social, and subsistence transition.
Birth is but our death begun: a bioarchaeological assessment of skeletal emaciation in immature human skeletons in the context of environmental, social, and subsistence transition.
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出生只是我们死亡的开始：在环境、社会和生存转型的背景下，对未成熟人类骨骼的骨骼消瘦进行生物考古学评估。
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.22536
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
H. Goldman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Schug;H. Goldman
公元前第二个千年是史前印度社会和环境发生重大变化的时期。印度河文明解体后，在被称为早期乔威（公元前1400-1000年）的阶段，印度中西部德干地区数百个农业村庄蓬勃发展。环境退化，加上不可持续的农业实践，导致公元前 1000 年左右许多社区被遗弃。伊纳姆冈 (Inamgaon) 是少数几个坚持到乔威晚期（公元前 1000-700 年）的村庄之一，其中对旱耕农业生产的依赖有所下降。先前的研究表明，随着时间的推移，身体尺寸（身高和体重指数）显着下降，这通常被用来推断生物考古学中生物文化压力水平的增加。本文通过将整个骨形态测量与股骨中段致密骨几何形状和组织学相关联，评估了来自 Inamgaon 的未成熟人类骨骼遗骸生长中断的证据。在未成熟的考古股骨中可以观察到生长紊乱，表现为中轴横截面中骨量和孔隙率的预期数量和分布的改变。横截面形状符合大婴儿获得双足运动的预期。这些结果支持这样的假设：乔威晚期伊纳姆冈的体型较小与体内平衡的破坏和高水平的生物文化压力有关。此外，几何特性和组织学细节的结合使用提供了一种梳理活动和“健康”之间复杂相互作用的方法，展示了生物文化压力源如何影响骨量的获得和质量。
The second millennium BC was a period of significant social and environmental changes in prehistoric India. After the disintegration of the Indus civilization, in a phase known as the Early Jorwe (1400-1000 BC), hundreds of agrarian villages flourished in the Deccan region of west-central India. Environmental degradation, combined with unsustainable agricultural practices, contributed to the abandonment of many communities around 1000 BC. Inamgaon was one of a handful of villages to persist into the Late Jorwe phase (1000-700 BC), wherein reliance on dry-plough agricultural production declined. Previous research demonstrated a significant decline in body size (stature and body mass index) through time, which is often used to infer increased levels of biocultural stress in bioarchaeology. This article assesses evidence for growth disruption in the immature human skeletal remains from Inamgaon by correlating measures of whole bone morphology with midshaft femur compact bone geometry and histology. Growth derangement is observable in immature archaeological femora as an alteration in the expected amount and distribution of bone mass and porosity in the midshaft cross-section. Cross-section shape matched expectations for older infants with the acquisition of bipedal locomotion. These results support the hypothesis that small body size was related to disruptions in homeostasis and high levels of biocultural stress in the Late Jorwe at Inamgaon. Further, the combined use of geometric properties and histological details provides a method for teasing apart the complex interactions among activity and "health," demonstrating how biocultural stressors affect the acquisition and quality of bone mass.
通过比较考古人群和现生人群，探索过去身高变化的多维性。
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Vercellotti,Giuseppe;Piperata,BarbaraA;Agnew,AmandaM;Wilson,WarrenM;Dufour,DarnaL;Reina,JulioC;Boano,Rosa;Justus,HedyM;Larsen,ClarkSpencer;Stout,SamD;Sciulli,PaulW
通讯作者：
Sciulli,PaulW
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Petit, MA;Beck, TJ;Leonard, MB
通讯作者：
Leonard, MB