Social jetlag: Misalignment of biological and social time
Social jetlag: Misalignment of biological and social time
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DOI：
10.1080/07420520500545979
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Roenneberg, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wittmann, M;Dinich, J;Roenneberg, T
人类在睡眠和活动的偏好时间上表现出很大的差异。这种所谓的“时间型”在很大程度上是由生物钟调节的。生物钟基因的遗传变异和环境影响都有助于特定人群中的时间型分布，从极端早期类型到极端晚期类型，大多数介于这些极端之间。社交（例如，学校和工作）时间表对大多数人的个人睡眠偏好有相当大的干扰。晚睡型的人在工作日和空闲日的睡眠时间差异最大，这导致他们在工作日欠下了大量的睡眠债，而在空闲日则得到了补偿。工作和空闲时间之间的差异，社交和生物时间之间的差异，可以被描述为“社交时差”。在这里，我们探讨了睡眠质量和心理健康如何与个人的时钟类型和/或社会时差相关联。共有501名志愿者填写了慕尼黑ChronoType问卷（MCTQ）以及其他问卷，内容包括：（i）睡眠质量（SF-A）;（ii）当前心理健康状况（Basler Befindlichkeitsbogen）;（iii）过去一周的回顾性心理健康状况（POMS）;以及（iv）兴奋剂（如咖啡因、尼古丁和酒精）摄入情况。在25岁以下的青少年和年轻人中，生理时钟类型、健康和兴奋剂消费的相关性最强。生理时钟类型和吸烟之间存在最显著的相关性，在所有年龄段的晚期生理时钟类型中（退休人员除外），这种相关性显著较高。我们发现这些相关性很可能是社会时差的结果，即，社会和生物计时之间的差异，而不是简单的关联到不同的时钟类型。我们的研究结果强烈表明，工作（和学校）时间表应尽可能适应时钟类型。
Humans show large differences in the preferred timing of their sleep and activity. This so-called "chronotype" is largely regulated by the circadian clock. Both genetic variations in clock genes and environmental influences contribute to the distribution of chronotypes in a given population, ranging from extreme early types to extreme late types with the majority falling between these extremes. Social (e.g., school and work) schedules interfere considerably with individual sleep preferences in the majority of the population. Late chronotypes show the largest differences in sleep timing between work and free days leading to a considerable sleep debt on work days, for which they compensate on free days. The discrepancy between work and free days, between social and biological time, can be described as 'social jetlag'. Here, we explore how sleep quality and psychological wellbeing are associated with individual chronotype and/or social jetlag. A total of 501 volunteers filled out the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) as well as additional questionnaires on: (i) sleep quality (SF-A), (ii) current psychological wellbeing (Basler Befindlichkeitsbogen), (iii) retrospective psychological wellbeing over the past week (POMS), and (iv) consumption of stimulants (e.g. , caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol). Associations of chronotype, wellbeing, and stimulant consumption are strongest in teenagers and young adults up to age 25 yrs. The most striking correlation exists between chronotype and smoking, which is significantly higher in late chronotypes of all ages (except for those in retirement). We show these correlations are most probably a consequence of social jetlag, i.e., the discrepancies between social and biological timing rather than a simple association to different chronotypes. Our results strongly suggest that work (and school) schedules should be adapted to chronotype whenever possible.