Dynamics of Planktonic Primary Productivity in the Indian Ocean
Dynamics of Planktonic Primary Productivity in the Indian Ocean
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印度洋浮游初级生产力动态
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-031-34467-1_5
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mitra A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mitra A
对海洋浮游生物生态学的传统解释，例如印度洋的浮游生物生态学，反映了陆地生态学的植物-动物二分法。因此，单细胞浮游植物产生的食物被单细胞浮游动物消耗，而这些食物反过来又被更大的浮游动物消耗，直到更高的营养水平。我们的日常监测调查、研究、模型和水管理协议都反映了这一解释。过去十年见证了对这一传统观念的重要修订。我们现在知道，浮游植物和浮游动物的二分法充其量只是一种粗略的简化。在海洋食物网的底部，有相当大比例的原生浮游生物可以进行光合作用（使食物“像植物一样”）和摄取食物（“像动物一样”进食），从而在同一个细胞中同时进行初级和次级生产。这些原生生物被称为“混合浮游生物”，包括许多传统上被称为“浮游植物”的物种（这个术语现在专门用于不能吞噬的光养微生物）或被称为“原生浮游动物”的物种（现在专门用于不能光养的原生浮游生物）。混合浮游生物包括各种有害的藻类，最有可能是所有的光养鞭毛藻，甚至是标志性的“浮游植物”，如球石藻（可以消耗细菌）。像所有对生态学的重大修正一样，混合浮游生物范式需要时间来成熟，但忽视它意味着我们无法在教学、科学、管理和政策中正确地代表浮游生物生态学。本章介绍了混合浮游生物的功能群，并提供了这些生物在印度洋的生物地理学的第一个见解。本文还首次尝试考虑混合浮游生物范式对印度洋海洋初级生产力和生态的影响。
Traditional interpretations of marine plankton ecology, such as that in the Indian Ocean, mirror the plant-animal dichotomy of terrestrial ecology. Thus, single-celled phytoplankton produce food consumed by single-celled zooplankton, and these are in turn consumed by larger zooplankton through to higher trophic levels. Our routine monitoring surveys, research, models, and water management protocols all reflect this interpretation. The last decade has witnessed the development of an important revision of that traditional vision. We now know that the phytoplankton-zooplankton dichotomy represents, at best, a gross simplification. A significant proportion of the protist plankton at the base of the oceanic food-web can photosynthesise (make food ‘like plants’) and ingest food (eat ‘like animals’), thus contributing to both primary and secondary production simultaneously in the same cell. These protists are termed ‘mixoplankton’, and include many species traditionally labelled as ‘phytoplankton’ (a term now reserved for phototrophic microbes that are incapable of phagocytosis) or labelled as ‘protist zooplankton’ (now reserved for protist plankton incapable of phototrophy). Mixoplankton include various harmful algal species, most likely all the phototrophic dinoflagellates, and even iconic exemplar ‘phytoplankton’ such as coccolithophorids (which can consume bacteria). Like all significant revisions to ecology, the mixoplankton paradigm will take time to mature but to ignore it means that we fail to properly represent plankton ecology in teaching, science, management, and policy. This chapter introduces the mixoplankton functional groups and provides the first insight into the biogeography of these organisms in the Indian Ocean. A first attempt to consider the implications of the mixoplankton paradigm on marine primary productivity and ecology in the Indian Ocean is also given.