Killer beacons for combined cancer imaging and therapy.
Killer beacons for combined cancer imaging and therapy.
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DOI：
10.2174/092986707781389655
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发表时间：
2007-07
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Klara Stefflova;Juan Chen;G. Zheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Klara Stefflova;Juan Chen;G. Zheng
将治疗剂精确定位于肿瘤区域将大大提高其杀死肿瘤细胞的功效并减少其对正常细胞的毒性。光动力疗法（PDT）是一种有前途的癌症治疗方式，近红外荧光成像（NIRF-I）是一种灵敏且无创的体内癌症检测方法。本综述重点关注当前设计单分子结构的努力，该结构允许将这两种方式结合起来以实现癌症治疗的高选择性。这些所谓的杀手信标的主要成分是负责成像和治疗的荧光光敏剂。通过连接其他组件，例如各种基于DNA或肽的接头、猝灭剂或癌细胞特异性递送载体、它们的主要诊断和治疗功能以及它们的靶标特异性和药理学特性都可以被调节。这种模块化设计使这些代理可以定制，从而能够将一些简单且通常可互换的功能模块组装成具有完全不同功能的信标。本综述将总结以下三种类型的杀手信标：光动力分子信标、可追踪信标和内置细胞凋亡传感器的信标。尽管杀手信标的开发取得了快速进展，但在将这些信标转化为临床之前仍然存在许多挑战，例如光漂白、递送效率和癌症特异性。在这篇综述中，我们概述了杀手信标的基本原理、当前的成就和未来的方向，包括可能的癌症目标和不同的治疗应用。
Precisely localizing therapeutic agents in neoplastic areas would greatly improve their efficacy for killing tumor cells and reduce their toxicity to normal cells. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment modality, and near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRF-I) is a sensitive and noninvasive approach for in vivo cancer detection. This review focuses on the current efforts to engineer single molecule constructs that allow these two modalities to be combined to achieve a high level of selectivity for cancer treatment. The primary component of these so called killer beacons is a fluorescent photosensitizer responsible for both imaging and therapy. By attaching other components, e.g. various DNA- or peptide-based linkers, quenchers or cancer cell-specific delivery vehicles, their primary diagnostic and therapeutic functions as well as their target specificity and pharmacological properties can be modulated. This modular design makes these agents customizable, offering the ability to assemble a few simple and often interchangeable functional modules into beacons with totally different functions. This review will summarize following three types of killer beacons: photodynamic molecular beacons, traceable beacons and beacons with built-in apoptosis sensor. Despite the rapid progress in killer beacon development, numerous challenges remain before these beacons can be translated into clinics, such as photobleaching, delivery efficiency and cancer-specificity. In this review we outline the basic principles of killer beacons, the current achievements and future directions, including possible cancer targets and different therapeutic applications.