The Drosophila bag of marbles Gene Interacts Genetically with Wolbachia and Shows Female-Specific Effects of Divergence.
The Drosophila bag of marbles Gene Interacts Genetically with Wolbachia and Shows Female-Specific Effects of Divergence.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1005453
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发表时间：
2015-08
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Barbash DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flores HA;Bubnell JE;Aquadro CF;Barbash DA
来自不同类群的许多生殖蛋白快速地适应性进化。这些蛋白质通常参与生殖的后期阶段，如精子发育和受精，并且通常在男性中比女性更有功能。令人惊讶的是，许多生殖干细胞（GSC）调控基因，这是必要的最早阶段的生殖，也进化适应性果蝇。一个例子是弹珠袋（bam）基因，其是女性中GSC分化和生殖系囊肿发育以及调节男性中有丝分裂和进入精母细胞分化所需的。在这里，我们表明，广泛的分歧bam之间的果蝇和D。simulans影响女性的BAM功能，但对男性无明显影响。我们进一步发现，感染Wolbachia pipientis，一种可以通过各种机制影响宿主生殖的内共生细菌，部分抑制了由D.与黑腹果蝇的bam直系同源物的相互作用存在差异。melanogaster和D. simulans。我们认为，BAM的适应性进化至少部分是由果蝇物种和沃尔巴克氏体之间的长期相互作用驱动的。更一般地说，我们认为，微生物感染的生殖细胞可以解释几个GSC调控基因的进化意想不到的模式。动物需要制造配子精子或卵子来繁殖。配子是由睾丸或卵巢内的一种称为生殖系的特殊组织产生的。这些器官含有少量干细胞，它们能够自我更新和分化以产生配子，因此对于在大多数动物的整个生殖寿命中维持配子产生至关重要。令人惊讶的是，控制这一过程的一些基因在果蝇物种之间迅速进化。我们发现一个关键的生殖系干细胞调控基因，弹珠袋（bam），它的快速进化只影响女性而不影响男性的功能。我们进一步报告说，内共生细菌沃尔巴克氏体，感染昆虫和其他物种与BAM相互作用，并可能有助于更广泛的模式的快速进化的生殖干细胞调控基因。
Many reproductive proteins from diverse taxa evolve rapidly and adaptively. These proteins are typically involved in late stages of reproduction such as sperm development and fertilization, and are more often functional in males than females. Surprisingly, many germline stem cell (GSC) regulatory genes, which are essential for the earliest stages of reproduction, also evolve adaptively in Drosophila. One example is the bag of marbles (bam) gene, which is required for GSC differentiation and germline cyst development in females and for regulating mitotic divisions and entry to spermatocyte differentiation in males. Here we show that the extensive divergence of bam between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans affects bam function in females but has no apparent effect in males. We further find that infection with Wolbachia pipientis, an endosymbiotic bacterium that can affect host reproduction through various mechanisms, partially suppresses female sterility caused by bam mutations in D. melanogaster and interacts differentially with bam orthologs from D. melanogaster and D. simulans. We propose that the adaptive evolution of bam has been driven at least in part by the long-term interactions between Drosophila species and Wolbachia. More generally, we suggest that microbial infections of the germline may explain the unexpected pattern of evolution of several GSC regulatory genes. Animals need to make gametes–sperm or eggs–in order to reproduce. Gametes are produced from a specialized tissue called the germline that is found within the testes or ovaries. These organs contain a small population of stem cells that are able to both self-renew and differentiate to generate gametes and are thus essential for maintaining gamete production throughout the reproductive lifespan of most animals. Surprisingly, some of the genes that control this process evolve rapidly between Drosophila species. We find for a key germline stem cell regulatory gene, bag of marbles (bam), that its rapid evolution affects only female but not male functions. We further report that the endosymbiont bacterium Wolbachia that infects insects and other species interacts with bam and may be contributing to the wider pattern of rapid evolution of germline stem cell regulatory genes.