AVIAN BROOD PARASITISM: INFORMATION USE AND VARIATION IN EGG‐REJECTION BEHAVIOR
AVIAN BROOD PARASITISM: INFORMATION USE AND VARIATION IN EGG‐REJECTION BEHAVIOR
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禽类寄生：信息利用和拒卵行为的变化
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ø. H. Holen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. O. Svennungsen;Ø. H. Holen
禽类幼体寄生虫的宿主对寄生的卵子的反应往往不同：它们可能会排出一个或几个蛋，抛弃巢穴，或者接受所有的蛋。聚焦于通过驱逐幼虫而暴露于单卵寄生的宿主，我们构建了一个包含所有这些行为选择的最优化模型，并用它来探索排斥行为的变化。我们特别考虑了卵的拟态和外部暗示(观察巢附近的成虫)对最佳排斥行为选择的影响。我们发现，在广泛的条件下，宿主种群中会出现几种排斥反应。当卵子模仿相当准确时，多个卵子的射出往往是适应性的，外部线索提供了关于寄生风险的可靠信息，并且重新受精的预期成功率较低。如果感知到的寄生风险很高，即使在寄主无法区分卵的情况下，排出一个或几个卵也可能是最佳的排斥反应。这可能会对宿主和寄生虫之间的共同进化追逐的长期结果产生影响。我们提出了另一种进化途径，通过该途径，卵子排出可能首先出现，以防御幼虫寄生。
Hosts of avian brood parasites often vary in their response to parasitized clutches: they may eject one or several eggs, desert the nest, or accept all the eggs. Focusing on hosts exposed to single‐egg parasitism by an evicting brood parasite, we construct an optimality model that includes all these behavioral options and use it to explore variation in rejection behavior. We particularly consider the influence of egg mimicry and external cues (observations of adult parasites near the nest) on optimal choice of rejection behavior. We find that several rejection responses will be present in a host population under a wide range of conditions. Ejection of multiple eggs tends to be adaptive when egg mimicry is fairly accurate, external cues provide reliable information of the risk of parasitism, and the expected success of renesting is low. If the perceived risk of parasitism is high, ejection of one or a few eggs may be the optimal rejection response even in cases in which hosts cannot discriminate between eggs. This may have consequences for the long‐term outcome of the coevolutionary chase between hosts and parasites. We propose an alternative evolutionary pathway by which egg ejection may first arise as a defense against brood parasitism.