THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF GENERAL COLD ADAPTATION IN MAN
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF GENERAL COLD ADAPTATION IN MAN
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DOI：
10.1055/s-2007-1024630
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发表时间：
1992-10-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
BITTEL, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BITTEL, J
在过去的50年里，已经描述了不同类型的一般冷适应。代谢适应（阿拉卡鲁夫印第安人、北极印第安人爱斯基摩人）、绝缘适应（澳大利亚热带北方沿海土著人）、低温适应（卡拉哈里沙漠的印第安人、秘鲁印第安人）和绝缘低温适应（澳大利亚中部土著人、游牧拉普人、韩国和日本潜水妇女）。这些不同类型的冷适应与冷应激的强度以及个体因素如饮食、体能水平和体脂含量有关。因此，在自然环境中，人类发展了一种适应寒冷的策略，其中考虑到环境和个人因素。当这些条件发生变化时，这种策略很容易被修改。热量摄入不足可能是导致J. L.艾蒂安的北极之旅生理反应被调整以维持可接受的能量储备水平，适度低温，这对于极地探险家遇到的气候条件不会危及生命。
Different types of general cold adaptation have been described over the last 50 years. Metabolic adaptation (Alacaluf Indians, Arctic Indians Eskimos), insulative adaptation (coastal Aborigines of tropical northern Australia), hypothermic adaptation (bushmen of the Kalahari desert, Peruvian Indians) and insulative hypothermic adaptation (Central Australian Aborigines, nomadic Lapps, Korean and Japanese diving women). These different types of cold adaptation are related to the intensity of the cold stress and to individual factors such as diet, the level of physical fitness and body fat content. Thus, in natural environments, man develops a strategy of adaptation to cold, which takes into account environmental and individual factors. This strategy is susceptible to be modified when these conditions change. Caloric intake deficit could have been responsible for the hypothermic adaptation observed after J.-L. Etienne's journey to the North Pole. Physiological responses were adapted to maintain an acceptable level of energetic reserves with a moderate hypothermia, which was not life threatening for the climatic conditions encountered by the polar explorer.