Designing effective and equitable zero-deforestation supply chain policies
Designing effective and equitable zero-deforestation supply chain policies
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102357
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发表时间：
2021-09-08
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Garrett, Rachael D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grabs, Janina;Cammelli, Federico;Garrett, Rachael D.
为了应对为农业扩张而砍伐热带森林的情况，农业食品公司承诺以“零森林砍伐承诺”（ZDC）的形式从其供应链中消除森林砍伐。虽然有越来越多的证据表明这些承诺的环境效益（即，这些措施是否达到其养护目标），但关于这些措施如何影响生产者进入可持续市场的机会和相关生计成果，以及设计和实施选择如何影响在有效性和公平性之间的权衡或潜在协同增效作用的信息很少。本文探讨了这些研究差距，并作出了三个主要贡献：（一）在执行以森林为重点的供应链政策，如零增长发展中国家政策时，确定并证明分析获取公平及其与有效性的关系的重要性，（二）确定可能最大限度地发挥有效性和获取公平之间协同作用的七项政策设计原则，以及iii）评估在每个主要农业森林风险商品部门（棕榈油、大豆、肉牛和可可）的五家最大公司之间的有效性-准入股权紧张关系和共同ZDC实施机制的协同作用。为了加强森林保护，同时避免伤害热带地区最脆弱的农民，有必要将联合收割机严格的规则与广泛的能力建设结合起来，让受影响的行为者更多地参与执行机制的共同制定，并支持替代性农村发展道路。
In response to the clearing of tropical forests for agricultural expansion, agri-food companies have adopted promises to eliminate deforestation from their supply chains in the form of 'zero-deforestation commitments' (ZDCs). While there is growing evidence about the environmental effectiveness of these commitments (i.e., whether they meet their conservation goals), there is little information on how they influence producers' opportunity to access sustainable markets and related livelihood outcomes, or how design and implementation choices influence tradeoffs or potential synergies between effectiveness and equity in access. This paper explores these research gaps and makes three main contributions by: i) defining and justifying the importance of analyzing access equity and its relation to effectiveness when implementing forest-focused supply chain policies such as ZDCs, ii) identifying seven policy design principles that are likely to maximize synergies between effectiveness and access equity, and iii) assessing effectiveness-access equity tensions and synergies across common ZDC implementation mechanisms amongst the five largest firms in each of the leading agricultural forest-risk commodity sectors: palm oil, soybeans, beef cattle, and cocoa. To enhance forest conservation while avoiding harm to the most vulnerable farmers in the tropics, it is necessary to combine stringent rules with widespread capacity building, greater involvement of affected actors in the co-production of implementation mechanisms, and support for alternative rural development paths.