Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in firefighting foam concentrates and water samples collected near sites impacted by the use of these foams
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in firefighting foam concentrates and water samples collected near sites impacted by the use of these foams
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.056
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Munoz, Jean-Francois
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dauchy, Xavier;Boiteux, Virginie;Munoz, Jean-Francois
为了扑灭大规模的燃料火灾，基于氟表面活性剂的泡沫（FSBFs）在20世纪60年代被开发出来并一直使用至今。在这项研究中，在9种不同的泡沫浓缩物中寻找了154种全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFASs），其中包括122种新出现的PFASs，它们被用作FSBFs的表面活性剂。还在使用或密集使用消防装置的四个地点（两个机场、一个消防训练中心和一个大爆炸后的储油库）附近进行了实地调查。在泡沫浓缩物中，只有三种PFASs被量化，浓度范围为22,500至3,188,000 μ g/L。根据它们的质量转变和强度，在这些样品中还鉴定了13种新兴的PFASs。总的来说，每个泡沫都是至少两类PFASs的混合物。在三种浓缩物中，122种新出现的全氟化合物中没有一种被确定为主要成分。因此，进行了全氟烷基酸前体氧化测定，发现存在大量未识别的全氟辛烷磺酸。在四个调查地点附近，在这些地点下游收集的所有样本中，对几种全氟辛烷磺酸进行了系统量化。使用后PFAS的输送路径（径流、渗漏、直接排放）、消防活动停止后的时间和消防泡沫成分等参数对PFAS的剖面有很大影响。在调查地点周围发现的全氟辛烷磺酸浓度是法国有记录以来最高的，并导致某些饮用水资源关闭。(C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
To extinguish large-scale fuel fires, fluorosurfactant based foams (FSBFs) were developed in the 1960s and have been used ever since. In this study, 154 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) including 122 emerging PFASs used as surfactants in FSBFs were sought in nine different foam concentrates. Field investigations were also carried out in the vicinity of four sites where FSBFs are or were intensively used (two airports, a training center for firefighters and an oil storage depot after a large explosion).In the foam concentrates, only three PFASs were quantified with concentrations ranging from 22,500 to 3,188,000 mu g/L. Thirteen emerging PFASs were also identified in these samples based on their mass transitions and intensities. Overall, each foam was a mixture of at least two classes of PFASs. In three concentrates, none of the 122 emerging PFASs were identified as the main ingredient. A perfluoroalkyl acid precursor oxidation assay was therefore performed, and revealed the presence of high amounts of unidentified PFASs.In the vicinity of the four investigated sites, several PFASs were systematically quantified in all of the samples collected downstream of the sites. PFAS profiles were heavily influenced by parameters such as route of PFAS transport after use (runoff, seepage, direct discharge), time elapsed since the cessation of firefighting activities, and firefighting foam composition. The PFAS concentrations found around the investigated sites are the highest recorded in France and resulted in the closure of certain drinking water resources. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.