The quest for a null model for macroecological patterns: geometry of species distributions at multiple spatial scales.
The quest for a null model for macroecological patterns: geometry of species distributions at multiple spatial scales.
复制标题
寻找宏观生态模式的零模型：多个空间尺度上物种分布的几何形状。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01206.x
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
K. Gaston
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Storch;A. L. Šizling;J. Reif;J. Polechová;Eva Šizlingová;K. Gaston
人们曾多次尝试建立宏观生态格局的统一框架。然而，这些大多是基于有问题的假设，或者必须参数化才能获得现实的预测。在这里，我们提出了一个新的模型，明确考虑了在多个空间尺度上的聚集物种分布模式，这是所有空间宏观生态模式背后的属性，使用我们称之为“广义分形”的思想。物种空间分布模型采用随机分层过程，其中原始“栖息地”斑块随机被嵌套在其中的小斑块所取代，并将模型物种组合的统计特性与观测鸟类数据中的宏观生态模式进行了比较。该模型不需要基于观测模式的参数化，可以预测物种丰度、分布和多样性的真实格局，包括分形空间分布、物种占有/丰度的频率分布和物种-面积关系。虽然观察到的宏观生态模式可能在某些数量属性上有所不同，但我们的随机分层聚集概念可以被视为基本宏观生态模式的适当零模型，可以进行修改以适应生态重要变量。
There have been several attempts to build a unified framework for macroecological patterns. However, these have mostly been based either on questionable assumptions or have had to be parameterized to obtain realistic predictions. Here, we propose a new model explicitly considering patterns of aggregated species distributions on multiple spatial scales, the property which lies behind all spatial macroecological patterns, using the idea we term 'generalized fractals'. Species' spatial distributions were modelled by a random hierarchical process in which the original 'habitat' patches were randomly replaced by sets of smaller patches nested within them, and the statistical properties of modelled species assemblages were compared with macroecological patterns in observed bird data. Without parameterization based on observed patterns, this simple model predicts realistic patterns of species abundance, distribution and diversity, including fractal-like spatial distributions, the frequency distribution of species occupancies/abundances and the species-area relationship. Although observed macroecological patterns may differ in some quantitative properties, our concept of random hierarchical aggregation can be considered as an appropriate null model of fundamental macroecological patterns which can potentially be modified to accommodate ecologically important variables.