Powerful stakeholders as drivers of community forestry - Results of an international study
Powerful stakeholders as drivers of community forestry - Results of an international study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.forpol.2015.05.011
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Bach, Ngo Duy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schusser, Carsten;Krott, Max;Bach, Ngo Duy
社区林业是森林使用者在地方、国家和国际各级由多个行动者组成的更广泛网络内采取的复杂集体行动。本文考察了所有相关的行动者，并检验了他们是否对社区林业的结果有显著影响的假设。实证基础包括四个发展中国家和一个发达国家的57个社区林业案例。选择这些案例是为了代表各种政治条件和最佳做法，定义为取得高成果的成功。从理论上定义了行为者，我们确定了政治、经济和社会行为者。此外，对他们的权力和利益进行了理论界定和实地考察。强大的行动者集团希望为社区森林的当地用户取得具体成果。就生态结果而言，大约40%的有影响力的参与者更喜欢持续的森林林分，20%的人也认为生物多样性很重要。在对当地用户的经济贡献方面，25%的有影响力的行为者只支持当地用户的生存水平，25%的人倾向于更高的经济贡献。在社会结果中，40%的有影响力的行为者接受将部分信息和决策权下放给当地用户，但只有2%的人会给予他们充分的授权。将实权行动者的利益与实践中取得的成果进行比较。一项比较表明，在每个结果中，强大行为者的利益与当地用户的结果之间存在82-90%的一致性。我们将这些发现解释为经验证据，表明强大的行为者对当地用户的社区林业成果有重大影响。(C) 2015 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Community forestry is a complex collective action by forest users that takes place within a broader network of multiple actors at local, national and international levels. This paper looks at all relevant actors and tests the hypothesis of whether they have a significant influence on the outcomes of community forestry. The empirical basis comprises 57 cases of community forestry in four developing and one developed country. The cases were selected to represent a variety of political conditions and best practices, defined as success in the achievement of high outcomes. The actors were theoretically defined, and we identified political, economic and societal actors. Additionally, their power and interests were theoretically defined and observed in the field studies. The group of powerful actors desires specific outcomes for the local users of the community forests. As far as the ecological outcomes, some 40% of the powerful actors prefer sustained forest stands, and 20% also find biodiversity to be important. With regard to the economic contribution to the local users, 25% of powerful actors support only a subsistence level for the local users, and 25% prefer higher economic contributions. Within the social outcomes, 40% of powerful actors accept devolution of some information and decision rights to the local users, but only 2% would grant them full empowerment. The interests of the powerful actors were compared with the outcomes achieved in practice. A comparison shows that within each outcome there is a congruence of 82-90% between the interests of powerful actors and the outcomes for local users. We interpret these findings as empirical evidence that powerful actors have a significant influence on the outcomes of community forestry for the local users. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.