The Role of Animal Models In Influenza Vaccine Research
The Role of Animal Models In Influenza Vaccine Research
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-0346-0279-2_10
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发表时间：
2010-06-18
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Subbarao K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Luke CJ;Subbarao K
流感疫苗研究的一个主要挑战是选择合适的动物模型，以准确反映疾病和人类对流感感染的保护性免疫反应。季节性流感疫苗已经问世数十年，并且有大量关于人类对这些疫苗的免疫反应的数据，以及灭活流感病毒疫苗的保护的明确相关性。许多关于流行性流感疫苗的开创性研究都是在人类受试者中进行的。现在对人类进行的研究比过去少了。因此，随着对改进流感疫苗的不断追求，考虑使用动物模型来评估流感疫苗非常重要，而一个主要挑战是选择合适的动物模型来准确反映疾病和人类对流感感染的保护性免疫反应。高致病性 H5N1 禽流感 (AI) 病毒的出现以及这种或另一种亚型的 AI 病毒引起的大流行的威胁，导致人们重新燃起了对流感疫苗研究的兴趣。大流行性流感疫苗的开发面临着一系列独特的障碍，其中最重要的是不可能在人类中证明其功效。由于预防大流行性流感的相关性尚不清楚，我们依靠季节性流感疫苗的经验教训以及大流行性流感疫苗在动物模型中的评估数据来推断，以指导我们对人类使用疫苗的决策。讨论了流感疫苗研究常用动物模型的特点和贡献。最近出现的 2009 H1N1 流感病毒大流行凸显了流感病毒的不可预测性以及大流行防范的重要性。
A major challenge for research on influenza vaccines is the selection of an appropriate animal model that accurately reflects the disease and the protective immune response to influenza infection in humans. Vaccines for seasonal influenza have been available for decades and there is a wealth of data available on the immune response to these vaccines in humans, with well-established correlates of protection for inactivated influenza virus vaccines. Many of the seminal studies on vaccines for epidemic influenza have been conducted in human subjects. Studies in humans are performed less frequently now than they were in the past. Therefore, as the quest for improved influenza vaccines continues, it is important to consider the use of animal models for the evaluation of influenza vaccines, and a major challenge is the selection of an appropriate animal model that accurately reflects the disease and the protective immune response to influenza infection in humans. The emergence of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza (AI) viruses and the threat of a pandemic caused by AI viruses of this or another subtype has resulted in a resurgence of interest in influenza vaccine research. The development of vaccines for pandemic influenza presents a unique set of obstacles, not the least of which is that the demonstration of efficacy in humans is not possible. As the correlates of protection from pandemic influenza are not known, we rely on extrapolation of the lessons from seasonal influenza vaccines and on data from the evaluation of pandemic influenza vaccines in animal models to guide our decisions on vaccines for use in humans. The features and contributions of commonly used animal models for influenza vaccine research are discussed. The recent emergence of the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza virus underscores the unpredictable nature of influenza viruses and the importance of pandemic preparedness.