Information processing in miniature brains
Information processing in miniature brains
复制标题
微型大脑的信息处理
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Skorupski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Chittka;P. Skorupski
由于对脊椎动物大脑功能和进化的全面了解往往受到神经系统的庞大规模以及伦理问题的阻碍，因此已进行了重大研究工作，以了解无脊椎动物行为和认知的神经回路，以及其在自然条件下的成本和收益。皇家学会会刊B的这篇专题文章包含了一系列关于神经基础和适应性益处的独特的当前研究观点空间记忆、色觉、注意力、自发行为启动、记忆动力学、关系规则学习和睡眠等不同现象的成本，在一系列动物中，从具有精致简单的神经系统的海洋无脊椎动物到社会昆虫，它们形成了数千个个体作为“超级有机体”一起工作的社会。这篇介绍提供了背景和历史，将各种方法联系在一起，并得出结论，迫切需要了解各种形式的信息处理背后的完整神经元到神经元电路，不仅要全面探索大脑功能，还要了解认知能力如何（以及如何容易）在面对相关选择压力时进化。在无脊椎动物中，实现这些目标变得越来越现实。
Since a comprehensive understanding of brain function and evolution in vertebrates is often hobbled by the sheer size of the nervous system, as well as ethical concerns, major research efforts have been made to understand the neural circuitry underpinning behaviour and cognition in invertebrates, and its costs and benefits under natural conditions. This special feature of Proceedings of the Royal Society B contains an idiosyncratic range of current research perspectives on neural underpinnings and adaptive benefits (and costs) of such diverse phenomena as spatial memory, colour vision, attention, spontaneous behaviour initiation, memory dynamics, relational rule learning and sleep, in a range of animals from marine invertebrates with exquisitely simple nervous systems to social insects forming societies with many thousands of individuals working together as a ‘superorganism’. This introduction provides context and history to tie the various approaches together, and concludes that there is an urgent need to understand the full neuron-to-neuron circuitry underlying various forms of information processing—not just to explore brain function comprehensively, but also to understand how (and how easily) cognitive capacities might evolve in the face of pertinent selection pressures. In the invertebrates, reaching these goals is becoming increasingly realistic.