Consumption of trematode parasite infectious stages: from conceptual synthesis to future research agenda
Consumption of trematode parasite infectious stages: from conceptual synthesis to future research agenda
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吸虫寄生虫感染阶段的消耗：从概念综合到未来的研究议程
DOI：
10.1017/s0022149x23000111
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Johnson, P.T.J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koprivnikar, J.;Thieltges, D.W.;Johnson, P.T.J.
鉴于其绝对的累积生物量和无处不在的存在，寄生虫越来越多地被认为是大多数食物网的重要组成部分。除了作为宿主组织的消费者的影响之外，许多寄生虫还具有可被非宿主生物体摄取的自由生活的感染阶段，这对能量和营养转移以及病原体传播和传染病动力学都有影响。这一点在扁形动物门内的双殖吸虫寄生虫的尾蚴自由生活阶段得到了特别充分的证明。在此，我们的目的是综合目前关于尾蚴消费的知识状态，通过检查：（a）研究尾蚴消费的方法;（B）迄今为止记录的消费者和吸虫猎物的范围;（c）影响尾蚴消费可能性的因素;（d）个体捕食者消费尾蚴的后果（e）消费尾蚴对整个社区和生态系统的影响（例如传播、营养循环和对其他猎物的影响）。我们检测到121个独特的消费者的尾蚴组合，跨越60种消费者和35种吸虫。在考虑这一点的36种组合中，有31种组合的传播有意义地减少;然而，对相同的尾蚴和消费者进行的单独研究有时会显示出不同的结果。沿着解决知识差距和建议未来的研究方向，我们强调如何消费的尾蚴在这里讨论的概念和经验的方法是相关的感染阶段的其他寄生虫和病原体，说明使用尾蚴作为一个模型系统，以帮助推进我们的知识关于寄生虫消费的普遍重要性。
Given their sheer cumulative biomass and ubiquitous presence, parasites are increasingly recognized as essential components of most food webs. Beyond their influence as consumers of host tissue, many parasites also have free-living infectious stages that may be ingested by non-host organisms, with implications for energy and nutrient transfer, as well as for pathogen transmission and infectious disease dynamics. This has been particularly well-documented for the cercaria free-living stage of digenean trematode parasites within the Phylum Platyhelminthes. Here, we aim to synthesize the current state of knowledge regarding cercariae consumption by examining: (a) approaches for studying cercariae consumption; (b) the range of consumers and trematode prey documented thus far; (c) factors influencing the likelihood of cercariae consumption; (d) consequences of cercariae consumption for individual predators (e.g. their viability as a food source); and (e) implications of cercariae consumption for entire communities and ecosystems (e.g. transmission, nutrient cycling and influences on other prey). We detected 121 unique consumer-by-cercaria combinations that spanned 60 species of consumer and 35 trematode species. Meaningful reductions in transmission were seen for 31 of 36 combinations that considered this; however, separate studies with the same cercaria and consumer sometimes showed different results. Along with addressing knowledge gaps and suggesting future research directions, we highlight how the conceptual and empirical approaches discussed here for consumption of cercariae are relevant for the infectious stages of other parasites and pathogens, illustrating the use of cercariae as a model system to help advance our knowledge regarding the general importance of parasite consumption.
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